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Chemistry LibreTexts

14.9: Key Terms

  • Page ID
    421463
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    Example and Directions
    Words (or words that have the same definition)The definition is case sensitive(Optional) Image to display with the definition [Not displayed in Glossary, only in pop-up on pages](Optional) Caption for Image(Optional) External or Internal Link(Optional) Source for Definition
    (Eg. "Genetic, Hereditary, DNA ...")(Eg. "Relating to genes or heredity")The infamous double helix https://bio.libretexts.org/CC-BY-SA; Delmar Larsen
    Glossary Entries
    Word(s)DefinitionImageCaptionLinkSource
    acid ionizationreaction involving the transfer of a proton from an acid to water, yielding hydronium ions and the conjugate base of the acid    
    acid ionization constant (Ka)equilibrium constant for an acid ionization reaction    
    acid-base indicatorweak acid or base whose conjugate partner imparts a different solution color; used in visual assessments of solution pH    
    acidica solution in which [H3O+] > [OH]    
    amphiproticspecies that may either donate or accept a proton in a Bronsted-Lowry acid-base reaction    
    amphotericspecies that can act as either an acid or a base    
    autoionizationreaction between identical species yielding ionic products; for water, this reaction involves transfer of protons to yield hydronium and hydroxide ions    
    base ionizationreaction involving the transfer of a proton from water to a base, yielding hydroxide ions and the conjugate acid of the base    
    base ionization constant (Kb)equilibrium constant for a base ionization reaction    
    basica solution in which [H3O+] < [OH]    
    Brønsted-Lowry acidproton donor    
    Brønsted-Lowry baseproton acceptor    
    buffermixture of appreciable amounts of a weak acid-base pair the pH of a buffer resists change when small amounts of acid or base are added    
    buffer capacityamount of an acid or base that can be added to a volume of a buffer solution before its pH changes significantly (usually by one pH unit)    
    color-change intervalrange in pH over which the color change of an indicator is observed    
    conjugate acidsubstance formed when a base gains a proton    
    conjugate basesubstance formed when an acid loses a proton    
    diprotic acidacid containing two ionizable hydrogen atoms per molecule    
    diprotic basebase capable of accepting two protons    
    Henderson-Hasselbalch equationlogarithmic version of the acid ionization constant expression, conveniently formatted for calculating the pH of buffer solutions    
    ion-product constant for water (Kw)equilibrium constant for the autoionization of water    
    leveling effectobservation that acid-base strength of solutes in a given solvent is limited to that of the solvent’s characteristic acid and base species (in water, hydronium and hydroxide ions, respectively)    
    monoprotic acidacid containing one ionizable hydrogen atom per molecule    
    neutraldescribes a solution in which [H3O+] = [OH]    
    oxyacidternary compound with acidic properties, molecules of which contain a central nonmetallic atom bonded to one or more O atoms, at least one of which is bonded to an ionizable H atom    
    percent ionizationratio of the concentration of ionized acid to initial acid concentration expressed as a percentage    
    pHlogarithmic measure of the concentration of hydronium ions in a solution    
    pOHlogarithmic measure of the concentration of hydroxide ions in a solution    
    stepwise ionizationprocess in which a polyprotic acid is ionized by losing protons sequentially    
    titration curveplot of some sample property (such as pH) versus volume of added titrant    
    triprotic acidacid that contains three ionizable hydrogen atoms per molecule    

    14.9: Key Terms is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.

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