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14.9: Key Terms

Last updated

Dec 12, 2022
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- 14.8: Acid-Base Titrations
- 14.10: Key Equations

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Example and Directions
Words (or words that have the same definition)	The definition is case sensitive	(Optional) Image to display with the definition [Not displayed in Glossary, only in pop-up on pages]	(Optional) Caption for Image	(Optional) External or Internal Link	(Optional) Source for Definition
(Eg. "Genetic, Hereditary, DNA ...")	(Eg. "Relating to genes or heredity")		The infamous double helix	https://bio.libretexts.org/	CC-BY-SA; Delmar Larsen

Glossary Entries
Word(s)	Definition	Image	Caption	Link	Source
acid ionization	reaction involving the transfer of a proton from an acid to water, yielding hydronium ions and the conjugate base of the acid
acid ionization constant (K_a)	equilibrium constant for an acid ionization reaction
acid-base indicator	weak acid or base whose conjugate partner imparts a different solution color; used in visual assessments of solution pH
acidic	a solution in which [H₃O⁺] > [OH⁻]
amphiprotic	species that may either donate or accept a proton in a Bronsted-Lowry acid-base reaction
amphoteric	species that can act as either an acid or a base
autoionization	reaction between identical species yielding ionic products; for water, this reaction involves transfer of protons to yield hydronium and hydroxide ions
base ionization	reaction involving the transfer of a proton from water to a base, yielding hydroxide ions and the conjugate acid of the base
base ionization constant (K_b)	equilibrium constant for a base ionization reaction
basic	a solution in which [H₃O⁺] < [OH⁻]
Brønsted-Lowry acid	proton donor
Brønsted-Lowry base	proton acceptor
buffer	mixture of appreciable amounts of a weak acid-base pair the pH of a buffer resists change when small amounts of acid or base are added
buffer capacity	amount of an acid or base that can be added to a volume of a buffer solution before its pH changes significantly (usually by one pH unit)
color-change interval	range in pH over which the color change of an indicator is observed
conjugate acid	substance formed when a base gains a proton
conjugate base	substance formed when an acid loses a proton
diprotic acid	acid containing two ionizable hydrogen atoms per molecule
diprotic base	base capable of accepting two protons
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation	logarithmic version of the acid ionization constant expression, conveniently formatted for calculating the pH of buffer solutions
ion-product constant for water (K_w)	equilibrium constant for the autoionization of water
leveling effect	observation that acid-base strength of solutes in a given solvent is limited to that of the solvent’s characteristic acid and base species (in water, hydronium and hydroxide ions, respectively)
monoprotic acid	acid containing one ionizable hydrogen atom per molecule
neutral	describes a solution in which [H₃O⁺] = [OH⁻]
oxyacid	ternary compound with acidic properties, molecules of which contain a central nonmetallic atom bonded to one or more O atoms, at least one of which is bonded to an ionizable H atom
percent ionization	ratio of the concentration of ionized acid to initial acid concentration expressed as a percentage
pH	logarithmic measure of the concentration of hydronium ions in a solution
pOH	logarithmic measure of the concentration of hydroxide ions in a solution
stepwise ionization	process in which a polyprotic acid is ionized by losing protons sequentially
titration curve	plot of some sample property (such as pH) versus volume of added titrant
triprotic acid	acid that contains three ionizable hydrogen atoms per molecule

acid ionization | reaction involving the transfer of a proton from an acid to water, yielding hydronium ions and the conjugate base of the acid

acid ionization constant (K_a) | equilibrium constant for an acid ionization reaction

acid-base indicator | weak acid or base whose conjugate partner imparts a different solution color; used in visual assessments of solution pH

acidic | a solution in which [H₃O⁺] > [OH⁻]

amphiprotic | species that may either donate or accept a proton in a Bronsted-Lowry acid-base reaction

amphoteric | species that can act as either an acid or a base

autoionization | reaction between identical species yielding ionic products; for water, this reaction involves transfer of protons to yield hydronium and hydroxide ions

base ionization | reaction involving the transfer of a proton from water to a base, yielding hydroxide ions and the conjugate acid of the base

base ionization constant (K_b) | equilibrium constant for a base ionization reaction

basic | a solution in which [H₃O⁺] < [OH⁻]

Brønsted-Lowry acid | proton donor

Brønsted-Lowry base | proton acceptor

buffer | mixture of appreciable amounts of a weak acid-base pair the pH of a buffer resists change when small amounts of acid or base are added

buffer capacity | amount of an acid or base that can be added to a volume of a buffer solution before its pH changes significantly (usually by one pH unit)

color-change interval | range in pH over which the color change of an indicator is observed

conjugate acid | substance formed when a base gains a proton

conjugate base | substance formed when an acid loses a proton

diprotic acid | acid containing two ionizable hydrogen atoms per molecule

diprotic base | base capable of accepting two protons

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation | logarithmic version of the acid ionization constant expression, conveniently formatted for calculating the pH of buffer solutions

ion-product constant for water (K_w) | equilibrium constant for the autoionization of water

leveling effect | observation that acid-base strength of solutes in a given solvent is limited to that of the solvent’s characteristic acid and base species (in water, hydronium and hydroxide ions, respectively)

monoprotic acid | acid containing one ionizable hydrogen atom per molecule

neutral | describes a solution in which [H₃O⁺] = [OH⁻]

oxyacid | ternary compound with acidic properties, molecules of which contain a central nonmetallic atom bonded to one or more O atoms, at least one of which is bonded to an ionizable H atom

percent ionization | ratio of the concentration of ionized acid to initial acid concentration expressed as a percentage

pH | logarithmic measure of the concentration of hydronium ions in a solution

pOH | logarithmic measure of the concentration of hydroxide ions in a solution

stepwise ionization | process in which a polyprotic acid is ionized by losing protons sequentially

titration curve | plot of some sample property (such as pH) versus volume of added titrant

triprotic acid | acid that contains three ionizable hydrogen atoms per molecule

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