Italian physicist Evangelista Torricelli invented a device to measure air pressure using a glass tube filled with mercury, which created a vacuum when inverted. The height of the mercury column left i...Italian physicist Evangelista Torricelli invented a device to measure air pressure using a glass tube filled with mercury, which created a vacuum when inverted. The height of the mercury column left indicates air pressure. At sea level, the column measures 76 cm, corresponding to a pressure of 100,000 Pa. This method established the basis for measuring atmospheric pressure and units such as the Pascal and bar.