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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Environmental_Chemistry/Key_Elements_of_Green_Chemistry_(Lucia)/02%3A_Life-Cycle_Analysis
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Environmental_Chemistry/Key_Elements_of_Green_Chemistry_(Lucia)/03%3A_Hazards/3.03%3A_Case_Study_-_Badger_Army_Ammunition_PlantEnvironmental cleanup of the 7,400-acre Badger Army Ammunition Plant will be greater than $250 million. This is one of the 40 contaminated military sites in Wisconsin which the Defense Environmental R...Environmental cleanup of the 7,400-acre Badger Army Ammunition Plant will be greater than $250 million. This is one of the 40 contaminated military sites in Wisconsin which the Defense Environmental Restoration Account cites as the most contaminated. In fact, 32 areas are polluted with dangerous levels of solvents, metals and explosive/incendiary waste. The water beneath the plant is contaminated with mutagenic chemicals that include carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene and dinitrotoluenes.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Sewanee%3A_The_University_of_the_South/Organic_Chemistry_Lab_Textbook/01%3A_General_Information/1.04%3A_Chemical_Hazards/1.4.01%3A_Introduction_to_Hazards_of_ChemistryWe all have heard at one time or another the phrase, “What doesn't kill you makes you stronger”. This phrase contains truth and contains at its essence the theory of hormesis: when organisms are expos...We all have heard at one time or another the phrase, “What doesn't kill you makes you stronger”. This phrase contains truth and contains at its essence the theory of hormesis: when organisms are exposed to low levels of stressors or toxins, they become more resistant to larger levels of stressors or toxins. It is believed that a low dose of a toxin can trigger repair mechanisms that are efficient enough to not only neutralize the toxin, but repair other defects not caused by the toxin.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/SC_149%3A_Cosmetic_Chemistry/14%3A_Key_Elements_of_Green_Chemistry/14.06%3A_Reaction_Types_Design_and_Efficiency/14.6.02%3A_Reaction_ConceptsReaction types are significant to all fields of chemistry because they are what characterize any transformation from starting materials to products. In the pantheon of reactions, we tend to focus on f...Reaction types are significant to all fields of chemistry because they are what characterize any transformation from starting materials to products. In the pantheon of reactions, we tend to focus on functional group creation and atom transformation.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/SC_149%3A_Cosmetic_Chemistry/14%3A_Key_Elements_of_Green_Chemistry/14.06%3A_Reaction_Types_Design_and_EfficiencyThis chapter focuses our attention on the greenest types of reactions relevant to this course and how and why they are germane for us. The topics covered include: Rearrangement, Resonance, Canonical s...This chapter focuses our attention on the greenest types of reactions relevant to this course and how and why they are germane for us. The topics covered include: Rearrangement, Resonance, Canonical structures, Yield, and Specificity. We will focus on a variety of reactions whose character is in line with the first two GC principles (prevent waste and maximize incorporation of all materials in final product).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/SC_149%3A_Cosmetic_Chemistry/14%3A_Key_Elements_of_Green_Chemistry/14.05%3A_Alternative_Reagants/14.5.04%3A_Conclusions_and_ReviewAdvances in drug development such as high throughput have increased the total and variety of drug candidates whose clinical usefulness is principally limited to a great degree by the following: It has...Advances in drug development such as high throughput have increased the total and variety of drug candidates whose clinical usefulness is principally limited to a great degree by the following: It has also been shown that cyclodextrins form aggregates that are able to solubilize in a micellar-like fashion; their exact structures are not known, nor is the way they influence drug delivery
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/SC_149%3A_Cosmetic_Chemistry/14%3A_Key_Elements_of_Green_Chemistry/14.01%3A_Key_Elements_of_Green_Chemistry/14.1.02%3A_Green_Chemistry_ConceptsOver the period of 1950 to 1980, it was used in agriculture at the rate of more than 40,000 tons each year worldwide and it has been estimated that a total of 1.8 million tons have been produced aroun...Over the period of 1950 to 1980, it was used in agriculture at the rate of more than 40,000 tons each year worldwide and it has been estimated that a total of 1.8 million tons have been produced around the world since the 1940s. There are a number of documented chemicals in nature that are extremely toxic even at small doses thus invalidating the idea that nature is “green”. For example, aflatoxin B1, shown below in Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\), is a toxin produced by Apsergillus flavus and A.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/SC_149%3A_Cosmetic_Chemistry/14%3A_Key_Elements_of_Green_Chemistry/14.01%3A_Key_Elements_of_Green_Chemistry/14.1.04%3A_Conclusions_and_ReviewSubstances and the form of a substance used in a chemical process should be chosen to minimize the potential for chemical accidents, including releases, explosions, and fires. \(\PageIndex{1}\) Using ...Substances and the form of a substance used in a chemical process should be chosen to minimize the potential for chemical accidents, including releases, explosions, and fires. \(\PageIndex{1}\) Using lysergic acid as a starting point, indicate the general type of chemistry (you can indicate in your own words what is happening) that would need to occur in order for the epimerization of lysergic and L-lysergic acid to occur shown below.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/SC_149%3A_Cosmetic_Chemistry/14%3A_Key_Elements_of_Green_Chemistry/14.04%3A_Alternative_SolventsThis chapter focuses our attention on the pre-eminence of alternative solvents. The topics covered include the following: Auxiliary substances, Transition state, Michael Reaction, Ball Milling ,Graft ...This chapter focuses our attention on the pre-eminence of alternative solvents. The topics covered include the following: Auxiliary substances, Transition state, Michael Reaction, Ball Milling ,Graft Polymerization, Supercritical Fluids We attempt to ensure that their significance to the field of green chemistry is well elucidated because of their universal nature in chemistry, biology, and engineering.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/SC_149%3A_Cosmetic_Chemistry/14%3A_Key_Elements_of_Green_Chemistry/14.03%3A_Hazards/14.3.02%3A_Hazard_ConceptsThis particular chemical’s hazard level could be listed as “gases under pressure” and “explosives”. The intensity of its peculiar hazards is evaluated according to the pressure and the explosive natur...This particular chemical’s hazard level could be listed as “gases under pressure” and “explosives”. The intensity of its peculiar hazards is evaluated according to the pressure and the explosive nature of the gas. Nevertheless, the point is that the vector (or venom) represents a toxin that is of sufficient lethality that it can cause great harm or injury to a human being.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/Pick_Your_Poison%3A_Introduction_to_Materials_Toxicology/39%3A_Key_Elements_of_Green_Chemistry_(Lucia)/39.03%3A_Hazards/39.3.02%3A_Hazard_ConceptsThis particular chemical’s hazard level could be listed as “gases under pressure” and “explosives”. The intensity of its peculiar hazards is evaluated according to the pressure and the explosive natur...This particular chemical’s hazard level could be listed as “gases under pressure” and “explosives”. The intensity of its peculiar hazards is evaluated according to the pressure and the explosive nature of the gas. Nevertheless, the point is that the vector (or venom) represents a toxin that is of sufficient lethality that it can cause great harm or injury to a human being.
