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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Analytical_Chemistry_2.1_(Harvey)/16%3A_Appendix/16.16%3A_Countercurrent_SeparationsIn 1949, Lyman Craig improved the separation of analytes with similar distribution ratios through countercurrent liquid-liquid extraction, offering a foundational understanding of chromatographic sepa...In 1949, Lyman Craig improved the separation of analytes with similar distribution ratios through countercurrent liquid-liquid extraction, offering a foundational understanding of chromatographic separations. Unlike sequential extractions, countercurrent extraction involves serial extraction of both sample and extracting phases. While outdated due to chromotography's efficiency, it remains instructive theoretically.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Analytical_Chemistry_2.1_(Harvey)/07%3A_Obtaining_and_Preparing_Samples_for_Analysis/7.05%3A_General_Theory_of_Separation_EffiiciencyThe page explains the process of analytical separation, which aims to isolate an analyte or remove an interferent from a sample matrix. A distinction is made between the chemical or physical propertie...The page explains the process of analytical separation, which aims to isolate an analyte or remove an interferent from a sample matrix. A distinction is made between the chemical or physical properties of these components to achieve separation. Key concepts include the analyte's and interferent's recoveries, defined by specific equations, and the separation factor.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Los_Angeles_Trade_Technical_College/Analytical_Chemistry/2%3A_Analytical_Chemistry_2.0_(Harvey)/08%3A_Collecting_and_Preparing_Samples/8.05%3A_General_Theory_of_Separation_EfficiencyThe goal of an analytical separation is to remove either the analyte or the interferent from the sample’s matrix. To achieve this separation there must be at least one significant difference between t...The goal of an analytical separation is to remove either the analyte or the interferent from the sample’s matrix. To achieve this separation there must be at least one significant difference between the analyte’s and the interferent’s chemical or physical properties. A separation that completely removes the interferent may also remove a small amount of analyte. Altering the separation to minimize the analyte’s loss may prevent us from completely removing the interferent.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Analytical_Chemistry_2.1_(Harvey)/07%3A_Obtaining_and_Preparing_Samples_for_Analysis/7.11%3A_Chapter_Summary_and_Key_TermsThis chapter summary focuses on the critical aspects of acquiring a representative sample for analysis. It emphasizes the importance of a well-structured sampling plan, including choices about sample ...This chapter summary focuses on the critical aspects of acquiring a representative sample for analysis. It emphasizes the importance of a well-structured sampling plan, including choices about sample types (e.g., random, systematic), collection methods (e.g., grab, composite), and considerations of the population's nature (homogeneous or heterogeneous).