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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Worksheets/Worksheets%3A_Analytical_Chemistry_II/Selection_of_Appropriate_Separation_MethodPART 1: On the large sheet provided, create a flow chart showing the steps you would take in order to choose a method of separation and detection for a set of analytes. What separation and detection m...PART 1: On the large sheet provided, create a flow chart showing the steps you would take in order to choose a method of separation and detection for a set of analytes. What separation and detection method would you suggest to separate the intact protein insulin from the A and B chains in a mixture of of insulin ? However, the waste water was diverted into a tiny creek running into the river, causing an estimated 1 million gallons of waste water to turn about 80 miles of the river orange.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Analytical_Chemistry_2.1_(Harvey)/12%3A_Chromatographic_and_Electrophoretic_Methods/12.10%3A_Chapter_Summary_and_Key_TermsThis page highlights the fundamentals of chromatography and electrophoresis, potent analytical techniques used to separate and analyze sample components. It details concepts such as retention factors,...This page highlights the fundamentals of chromatography and electrophoresis, potent analytical techniques used to separate and analyze sample components. It details concepts such as retention factors, column efficiency, and selectivity in chromatographic separations, and how methods like gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are applied.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Instrumental_Analysis_(LibreTexts)/26%3A_Introduction_to_Chromatographic_Separations/26.01%3A_A_General_Description_of_ChromatographyIn chromatography we pass a sample-free phase, which we call the mobile phase, over a second sample-free stationary phase that remains fixed in space. We inject the sample into the mobile phase where ...In chromatography we pass a sample-free phase, which we call the mobile phase, over a second sample-free stationary phase that remains fixed in space. We inject the sample into the mobile phase where its components partition between the mobile phase and the stationary phase. The types of mobile phases and stationary phases, how these two phases contact each other, and how the solutes interact with the two phases are useful ways describe a chromatographic method.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Instrumental_Analysis_(LibreTexts)/27%3A_Gas_ChromatographyIn gas chromatography (GC) we inject the sample, which may be a gas or a liquid, into a gaseous mobile phase (often called the carrier gas). The mobile phase carries the sample through a packed or cap...In gas chromatography (GC) we inject the sample, which may be a gas or a liquid, into a gaseous mobile phase (often called the carrier gas). The mobile phase carries the sample through a packed or capillary column that separates the sample's components based on their ability to partition between the mobile phase and the stationary phase. By adjusting conditions it usually is possible to design a separation so that analytes elute by themselves, even when the mixture is complex.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Instrumental_Analysis_(LibreTexts)/28%3A_High-Performance_Liquid_Chromatography/28.06%3A_Ion-Exchange_ChromatographyIn ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) the stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin, usually divinylbenzene cross-linked polystyrene, with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The counte...In ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) the stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin, usually divinylbenzene cross-linked polystyrene, with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The counterions to these fixed charges are mobile and are displaced by ions that compete more favorably for the exchange sites.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Instrumental_Analysis_(LibreTexts)/28%3A_High-Performance_Liquid_ChromatographyIn high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) we inject the sample, which is in solution form, into a liquid mobile phase. The mobile phase carries the sample through a packed or capillary column t...In high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) we inject the sample, which is in solution form, into a liquid mobile phase. The mobile phase carries the sample through a packed or capillary column that separates the sample’s components based on their ability to partition between the mobile phase and the stationary phase. By adjusting conditions it usually is possible to design a separation so that analytes elute by themselves, even when the mixture is complex.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Los_Angeles_Trade_Technical_College/Analytical_Chemistry/2%3A_Analytical_Chemistry_2.0_(Harvey)/08%3A_Collecting_and_Preparing_Samples/8.08%3A_Separation_Versus_PreconcentrationTwo common analytical problems are: (1) matrix components that interfere with an analyte’s analysis; and (2) an analyte with a concentration that is too small to analyze accurately. We showed a separa...Two common analytical problems are: (1) matrix components that interfere with an analyte’s analysis; and (2) an analyte with a concentration that is too small to analyze accurately. We showed a separation can solve the first problem. We often can use a separation to solve the second problem as well. For a separation in which we recover the analyte in a new phase, it may be possible to increase the analyte’s concentration. This step in an analytical procedure is known as a preconcentration.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Los_Angeles_Trade_Technical_College/Analytical_Chemistry/2%3A_Analytical_Chemistry_2.0_(Harvey)/08%3A_Collecting_and_Preparing_Samples/8.06%3A_Classifying_Separation_TechniquesWe can separate an analyte and an interferent if there is a significant difference in at least one of their chemical or physical properties. This section provides a partial list of separation techniqu...We can separate an analyte and an interferent if there is a significant difference in at least one of their chemical or physical properties. This section provides a partial list of separation techniques, classified by the chemical or physical property being exploited.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Los_Angeles_Trade_Technical_College/Analytical_Chemistry/2%3A_Analytical_Chemistry_2.0_(Harvey)/08%3A_Collecting_and_Preparing_Samples/8.05%3A_General_Theory_of_Separation_EfficiencyThe goal of an analytical separation is to remove either the analyte or the interferent from the sample’s matrix. To achieve this separation there must be at least one significant difference between t...The goal of an analytical separation is to remove either the analyte or the interferent from the sample’s matrix. To achieve this separation there must be at least one significant difference between the analyte’s and the interferent’s chemical or physical properties. A separation that completely removes the interferent may also remove a small amount of analyte. Altering the separation to minimize the analyte’s loss may prevent us from completely removing the interferent.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Instrumental_Analysis_(LibreTexts)/26%3A_Introduction_to_Chromatographic_Separations/26.04%3A_Optimization_and_Column_PerformanceThe goal of a chromatographic separation is to take a sample with more than one solute and to separate the solutes such that each solute elutes by itself. Our ability to separate two solutes from each...The goal of a chromatographic separation is to take a sample with more than one solute and to separate the solutes such that each solute elutes by itself. Our ability to separate two solutes from each other—to resolve them—is affected by a number of variables; how we can optimize the separation of two solutes, is the subject of this section.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/02%3A_Matter_and_Change/2.07%3A_MixtureThis page explains that lemonade is a mixture consisting of lemon juice, water, and sugar, which retain their individual properties unlike compounds. It discusses the distinction between homogeneous m...This page explains that lemonade is a mixture consisting of lemon juice, water, and sugar, which retain their individual properties unlike compounds. It discusses the distinction between homogeneous mixtures, like lemonade, and heterogeneous ones, like rocks. Additionally, it categorizes mixtures into solutions, suspensions, and colloids based on particle size, and notes that mixtures can be separated using physical methods due to differences in the physical properties of their components.
