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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Martin_Luther_College/Organic_Chemistry_-_MLC/04%3A_Carbonyls/4.02%3A_Carboxylic_Acids/4.2.05%3A_Chemistry_of_EstersIn the first two steps of the mechanism, the OR leaving group from the ester is replaced by the R group from the Grignard reagent through a nucleophilic acyl substitution. 2) Draw the product of the r...In the first two steps of the mechanism, the OR leaving group from the ester is replaced by the R group from the Grignard reagent through a nucleophilic acyl substitution. 2) Draw the product of the reaction between the following molecule and LiAlH 4 , and the product of the reaction between the following molecule and DIBAL.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/ChemPRIME_(Moore_et_al.)/20%3A_Molecules_in_Living_Systems/20.05%3A_Nonpolar_LipidsA great many nonpolar lipids can be made by combining different long- chain acids with glycerol. Because these acids were originally derived from fats, they are collectively referred to as fatty acids...A great many nonpolar lipids can be made by combining different long- chain acids with glycerol. Because these acids were originally derived from fats, they are collectively referred to as fatty acids. This most-common form of animal fat serves as a storehouse for energy and as insulation against heat loss. On a molecular level it is constructed from three molecules of stearic acid and one of glycerol.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Smith_College/CHM_222_Chemistry_II%3A_Organic_Chemistry_(2025)/12%3A_Carboxylic_Acid_Derivatives-_Nucleophilic_Acyl_Substitution_Reactions/12.07%3A_Chemistry_of_EstersIn the first two steps of the mechanism, the OR leaving group from the ester is replaced by the R group from the Grignard reagent through a nucleophilic acyl substitution. 2) Draw the product of the r...In the first two steps of the mechanism, the OR leaving group from the ester is replaced by the R group from the Grignard reagent through a nucleophilic acyl substitution. 2) Draw the product of the reaction between the following molecule and LiAlH 4 , and the product of the reaction between the following molecule and DIBAL.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Laboratory_Experiments/Wet_Lab_Experiments/General_Chemistry_Labs/Online_Chemistry_Lab_Manual/Chem_9_Experiments/12%3A_Making_Soap_-_Saponification_(Experiment)Soap making has remained unchanged over the centuries. The ancient Roman tradition called for mixing rain water, potash and animal tallow.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/21%3A_Acids_and_Bases/21.18%3A_Titration_CalculationsThis page describes the saponification number calculation for soap production through fat hydrolysis with sodium hydroxide. It covers titration calculations, focusing on the acid-base relationship at ...This page describes the saponification number calculation for soap production through fat hydrolysis with sodium hydroxide. It covers titration calculations, focusing on the acid-base relationship at the equivalence point. An example outlining the titration of sulfuric acid with sodium hydroxide illustrates how to determine sulfuric acid's molarity using known base values. Molarity and neutralization principles are highlighted throughout the text.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Basic_Principles_of_Organic_Chemistry_(Roberts_and_Caserio)/18%3A_Carboxylic_Acids_and_Their_Derivatives/18.08%3A_Reactions_at_the_Carbonyl_Carbon_of_Acid_DerivativesHydrolysis of most acid derivatives to the parent acids is acid- or base-catalyzed. Carboxylic acid derivatives also react with organomagnesium and organolithium compound
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/LCDS_Organic_Chemistry_OER_Textbook_-_Todd_Trout/21%3A_Carboxylic_Acid_Derivatives-_Nucleophilic_Acyl_Substitution_Reactions/21.07%3A_Chemistry_of_EstersThus, carboxylic acids are converted directly into esters by S N 2 reaction of a carboxylate ion with a primary alkyl halide or by Fischer esterification of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol in the pr...Thus, carboxylic acids are converted directly into esters by S N 2 reaction of a carboxylate ion with a primary alkyl halide or by Fischer esterification of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol in the presence of a mineral acid catalyst. The mechanism of ester reduction is similar to that of acid chloride reduction in that a hydride ion first adds to the carbonyl group, followed by elimination of alkoxide ion to yield an aldehyde.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/can/CHEM_232_-_Organic_Chemistry_II_(Puenzo)/07%3A_Carboxylic_Acid_Derivatives-_Nucleophilic_Acyl_Substitution_Reactions/7.07%3A_Chemistry_of_EstersIn the first two steps of the mechanism, the OR leaving group from the ester is replaced by the R group from the Grignard reagent through a nucleophilic acyl substitution. 2) Draw the product of the r...In the first two steps of the mechanism, the OR leaving group from the ester is replaced by the R group from the Grignard reagent through a nucleophilic acyl substitution. 2) Draw the product of the reaction between the following molecule and LiAlH 4 , and the product of the reaction between the following molecule and DIBAL.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Georgia_Southern_University/CHEM_1152%3A_Survey_of_Chemistry_II_(Osborne)/05%3A_Organic_Chemical_Reactions/5.S%3A_Organic_Chemical_Reactions_(Summary)To ensure that you understand the material in this chapter, you should review the meanings of the following bold terms in the following summary and ask yourself how they relate to the topics in the ch...To ensure that you understand the material in this chapter, you should review the meanings of the following bold terms in the following summary and ask yourself how they relate to the topics in the chapter. This rule states that the –H bonds to carbon of the alkene with more hydrogen atoms and the –OH bonds to carbon of the alkene with more carbon groups attached. …CH 2 =CH 2 + CH 2 =CH 2 + CH 2 =CH 2 +…→…CH 2 CH 2 –CH 2 CH 2 –CH 2 CH 2 –…
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Los_Angeles_Trade_Technical_College/Chem_51/21%3A_Biochemistry/21.11%3A_Nonpolar_LipidsA great many nonpolar lipids can be made by combining different long- chain acids with glycerol. Because these acids were originally derived from fats, they are collectively referred to as fatty acids...A great many nonpolar lipids can be made by combining different long- chain acids with glycerol. Because these acids were originally derived from fats, they are collectively referred to as fatty acids. This most-common form of animal fat serves as a storehouse for energy and as insulation against heat loss. On a molecular level it is constructed from three molecules of stearic acid and one of glycerol.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Whitworth_University/Science_of_Food_(Russel)/09%3A_Fats/9.04%3A_GlycerolipidsGlycerolipids are defined, and the difference in composition and properties of fats and oils and their chemical reactions, including hydrolysis, saponification, and hydrogenation is described.
