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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Lafayette_College/CHEM_440%3A_Structure_Determination/04%3A_X-ray_Crystallography/4.05%3A_Crystallography_quick_reference/4.5.04%3A_X-rays/4.5.4.23%3A_ResolutionIn crystal structure determination, the term resolution is used to describe the ability to distinguish between neighboring features in an electron density map. By convention, it is defined as the mini...In crystal structure determination, the term resolution is used to describe the ability to distinguish between neighboring features in an electron density map. By convention, it is defined as the minimum plane spacing given by Bragg's law for a particular set of X-ray diffraction intensities. The resolution improves with an increase in the maximum value of (sinθ)/λ at which reflections are measured. Contributors and Attributions Online Dictionary of Crystallography
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Los_Angeles_Trade_Technical_College/Analytical_Chemistry/2%3A_Analytical_Chemistry_2.0_(Harvey)/13%3A_Chromatographic/13.3%3A_Optimizing_Chromatographic_SeparationsNow that we have defined the solute retention factor, selectivity, and column efficiency we are able to consider how they affect the resolution of two closely eluting peaks. Because the two peaks have...Now that we have defined the solute retention factor, selectivity, and column efficiency we are able to consider how they affect the resolution of two closely eluting peaks. Because the two peaks have similar retention times, it is reasonable to assume that their peak widths are nearly identical.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Analytical_Chemistry)/Analytical_Sciences_Digital_Library/In_Class_Activities/Separation_Science/2%3A_Chromatography__Background/01_IntroductionChromatography refers to a group of methods used as a way of separating mixtures of compounds into their individual components. The basic setup of a chromatographic system involves two phases, one sta...Chromatography refers to a group of methods used as a way of separating mixtures of compounds into their individual components. The basic setup of a chromatographic system involves two phases, one stationary and one mobile. A compound, which we will usually call the solute, is introduced into the system, and essentially has a choice. If it is attracted to the mobile phase, it will move through the system with the mobile phase. If it is attracted to the stationary phase, it will lag behind.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Analytical_Chemistry_2.1_(Harvey)/12%3A_Chromatographic_and_Electrophoretic_Methods/12.08%3A_ProblemsThis page presents a comprehensive set of problems in chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). Key topics include calculating theoretical plates, resolving power, chromatographic resol...This page presents a comprehensive set of problems in chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). Key topics include calculating theoretical plates, resolving power, chromatographic resolution, retention indices, ion balances, and evaluating chromatographic data for various compounds. Problems engage chemical principles such as pH impact, calibration curves, and the Van Deemter equation.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Analytical_Chemistry_2.1_(Harvey)/12%3A_Chromatographic_and_Electrophoretic_Methods/12.10%3A_Chapter_Summary_and_Key_TermsThis page highlights the fundamentals of chromatography and electrophoresis, potent analytical techniques used to separate and analyze sample components. It details concepts such as retention factors,...This page highlights the fundamentals of chromatography and electrophoresis, potent analytical techniques used to separate and analyze sample components. It details concepts such as retention factors, column efficiency, and selectivity in chromatographic separations, and how methods like gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are applied.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/can/CHEM_231%3A_Organic_Chemistry_I_Textbook/05%3A_Stereochemistry_at_Tetrahedral_Centers/5.04%3A_Optical_ActivityIdentifying and distinguishing enantiomers is inherently difficult, since their physical and chemical properties are largely identical. Fortunately, a nearly two hundred year old discovery by the Fren...Identifying and distinguishing enantiomers is inherently difficult, since their physical and chemical properties are largely identical. Fortunately, a nearly two hundred year old discovery by the French physicist Jean-Baptiste Biot has made this task much easier. This discovery disclosed that the right- and left-handed enantiomers of a chiral compound perturb plane-polarized light in opposite ways. This perturbation is unique to chiral molecules, and has been termed optical activity.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/can/CHEM_231%3A_Organic_Chemistry_I_Textbook/05%3A_Stereochemistry_at_Tetrahedral_Centers/5.09%3A_Racemic_Mixtures_and_the_Resolution_of_EnantiomersA racemic mixture is a 50:50 mixture of two enantiomers. Because they are mirror images, each enantiomer rotates plane-polarized light in an equal but opposite direction and is optically inactive. If ...A racemic mixture is a 50:50 mixture of two enantiomers. Because they are mirror images, each enantiomer rotates plane-polarized light in an equal but opposite direction and is optically inactive. If the enantiomers are separated, the mixture is said to have been resolved. A common experiment in the laboratory component of introductory organic chemistry involves the resolution of a racemic mixture.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(OpenStax)/05%3A_Stereochemistry_at_Tetrahedral_Centers/5.03%3A_Optical_ActivityIdentifying and distinguishing enantiomers is inherently difficult, since their physical and chemical properties are largely identical. Fortunately, a nearly two hundred year old discovery by the Fren...Identifying and distinguishing enantiomers is inherently difficult, since their physical and chemical properties are largely identical. Fortunately, a nearly two hundred year old discovery by the French physicist Jean-Baptiste Biot has made this task much easier. This discovery disclosed that the right- and left-handed enantiomers of a chiral compound perturb plane-polarized light in opposite ways. This perturbation is unique to chiral molecules, and has been termed optical activity.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/Pick_Your_Poison%3A_Introduction_to_Materials_Toxicology/22%3A_Stereochemistry_at_Tetrahedral_Centers/22.04%3A_Optical_ActivityIdentifying and distinguishing enantiomers is inherently difficult, since their physical and chemical properties are largely identical. Fortunately, a nearly two hundred year old discovery by the Fren...Identifying and distinguishing enantiomers is inherently difficult, since their physical and chemical properties are largely identical. Fortunately, a nearly two hundred year old discovery by the French physicist Jean-Baptiste Biot has made this task much easier. This discovery disclosed that the right- and left-handed enantiomers of a chiral compound perturb plane-polarized light in opposite ways. This perturbation is unique to chiral molecules, and has been termed optical activity.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Smith_College/Organic_Chemistry_(LibreTexts)/05%3A_Stereochemistry_at_Tetrahedral_Centers/5.04%3A_Optical_ActivityIdentifying and distinguishing enantiomers is inherently difficult, since their physical and chemical properties are largely identical. Fortunately, a nearly two hundred year old discovery by the Fren...Identifying and distinguishing enantiomers is inherently difficult, since their physical and chemical properties are largely identical. Fortunately, a nearly two hundred year old discovery by the French physicist Jean-Baptiste Biot has made this task much easier. This discovery disclosed that the right- and left-handed enantiomers of a chiral compound perturb plane-polarized light in opposite ways. This perturbation is unique to chiral molecules, and has been termed optical activity.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/LCDS_Organic_Chemistry_OER_Textbook_-_Todd_Trout/05%3A_Stereochemistry_at_Tetrahedral_Centers/5.04%3A_Optical_ActivityIdentifying and distinguishing enantiomers is inherently difficult, since their physical and chemical properties are largely identical. Fortunately, a nearly two hundred year old discovery by the Fren...Identifying and distinguishing enantiomers is inherently difficult, since their physical and chemical properties are largely identical. Fortunately, a nearly two hundred year old discovery by the French physicist Jean-Baptiste Biot has made this task much easier. This discovery disclosed that the right- and left-handed enantiomers of a chiral compound perturb plane-polarized light in opposite ways. This perturbation is unique to chiral molecules, and has been termed optical activity.
