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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_I_(Morsch_et_al.)/05%3A_Stereochemistry_at_Tetrahedral_Centers/5.04%3A_Pasteur's_Discovery_of_EnantiomersBecause enantiomers have identical physical and chemical properties in achiral environments, separation of the stereoisomeric components of a racemic mixture or racemate is normally not possible by th...Because enantiomers have identical physical and chemical properties in achiral environments, separation of the stereoisomeric components of a racemic mixture or racemate is normally not possible by the conventional techniques of distillation and crystallization. In some cases, however, the crystal habits of solid enantiomers and racemates permit the chemist (acting as a chiral resolving agent) to discriminate enantiomeric components of a mixture
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/can/CHEM_231%3A_Organic_Chemistry_I_Textbook/05%3A_Stereochemistry_at_Tetrahedral_Centers/5.09%3A_Racemic_Mixtures_and_the_Resolution_of_EnantiomersA racemic mixture is a 50:50 mixture of two enantiomers. Because they are mirror images, each enantiomer rotates plane-polarized light in an equal but opposite direction and is optically inactive. If ...A racemic mixture is a 50:50 mixture of two enantiomers. Because they are mirror images, each enantiomer rotates plane-polarized light in an equal but opposite direction and is optically inactive. If the enantiomers are separated, the mixture is said to have been resolved. A common experiment in the laboratory component of introductory organic chemistry involves the resolution of a racemic mixture.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Portland_Community_College/CH106%3A_Allied_Health_Chemistry_III/03%3A_Ethers_Thiols_and_Chirality/3.05%3A_Naming_chiral_centers-_the_R_and_S_systemChemists need a convenient way to distinguish one stereoisomer from another. The Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system is a set of rules that allows us to unambiguously define the stereochemical configuration of ...Chemists need a convenient way to distinguish one stereoisomer from another. The Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system is a set of rules that allows us to unambiguously define the stereochemical configuration of any stereocenter, using the designations 'R ’ (from the Latin rectus, meaning right-handed) or ' S ’ (from the Latin sinister, meaning left-handed).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Smith_College/CHM_222_Chemistry_II%3A_Organic_Chemistry_(2025)/13%3A_Stereochemistry_at_Tetrahedral_Centers/13.05%3A_Pasteur's_Discovery_of_Enantiomers_(reference_only)Because enantiomers have identical physical and chemical properties in achiral environments, separation of the stereoisomeric components of a racemic mixture or racemate is normally not possible by th...Because enantiomers have identical physical and chemical properties in achiral environments, separation of the stereoisomeric components of a racemic mixture or racemate is normally not possible by the conventional techniques of distillation and crystallization. In some cases, however, the crystal habits of solid enantiomers and racemates permit the chemist (acting as a chiral resolving agent) to discriminate enantiomeric components of a mixture
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Book%3A_Organic_Chemistry_with_a_Biological_Emphasis_v2.0_(Soderberg)/03%3A_Conformations_and_Stereochemistry/3.05%3A_Naming_chiral_centers-_the_R_and_S_systemChemists need a convenient way to distinguish one stereoisomer from another. The Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system is a set of rules that allows us to unambiguously define the stereochemical configuration of ...Chemists need a convenient way to distinguish one stereoisomer from another. The Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system is a set of rules that allows us to unambiguously define the stereochemical configuration of any stereocenter, using the designations 'R ’ (from the Latin rectus, meaning right-handed) or ' S ’ (from the Latin sinister, meaning left-handed).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Fordham_University/Chem1102%3A_Drug_Discovery_-_From_the_Laboratory_to_the_Clinic/07%3A_Conformations_and_Stereochemistry/7.04%3A_Naming_chiral_centers-_the_R_and_S_systemChemists need a convenient way to distinguish one stereoisomer from another. The Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system is a set of rules that allows us to unambiguously define the stereochemical configuration of ...Chemists need a convenient way to distinguish one stereoisomer from another. The Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system is a set of rules that allows us to unambiguously define the stereochemical configuration of any stereocenter, using the designations 'R ’ (from the Latin rectus, meaning right-handed) or ' S ’ (from the Latin sinister, meaning left-handed).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(OpenStax)/26%3A_Biomolecules-_Amino_Acids_Peptides_and_Proteins/26.03%3A_Synthesis_of_Amino_AcidsThis section discusses the synthesis of amino acids, detailing both natural and synthetic methods. Naturally, amino acids are produced through metabolic pathways in organisms. Synthetic methods includ...This section discusses the synthesis of amino acids, detailing both natural and synthetic methods. Naturally, amino acids are produced through metabolic pathways in organisms. Synthetic methods include various chemical reactions, which allow for the production of specific amino acids in the lab. The importance of these synthesis methods is highlighted in fields like biochemistry and pharmaceuticals, where amino acids serve as building blocks for proteins and other biomolecules.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(Morsch_et_al.)/26%3A_Biomolecules-_Amino_Acids_Peptides_and_Proteins/26.04%3A_Synthesis_of_Amino_AcidsThe bromoacids, in turn, are conveniently prepared from carboxylic acids by reaction with Br 2 + PCl 3 . Although this direct approach gave mediocre results when used to prepare simple amines from alk...The bromoacids, in turn, are conveniently prepared from carboxylic acids by reaction with Br 2 + PCl 3 . Although this direct approach gave mediocre results when used to prepare simple amines from alkyl halides, it is more effective for making amino acids, thanks to the reduced nucleophilicity of the nitrogen atom in the product.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Reference/Organic_Chemistry_Glossary/Racemic_MixtureA racemic mixture or racemate (symbol: dl or ±) is a mixture of enantiomers at 1:1 molar ratio.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(OpenStax)/05%3A_Stereochemistry_at_Tetrahedral_Centers/5.08%3A_Racemic_Mixtures_and_the_Resolution_of_EnantiomersA racemic mixture is a 50:50 mixture of two enantiomers. Because they are mirror images, each enantiomer rotates plane-polarized light in an equal but opposite direction and is optically inactive. If ...A racemic mixture is a 50:50 mixture of two enantiomers. Because they are mirror images, each enantiomer rotates plane-polarized light in an equal but opposite direction and is optically inactive. If the enantiomers are separated, the mixture is said to have been resolved. A common experiment in the laboratory component of introductory organic chemistry involves the resolution of a racemic mixture.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introduction_to_Organic_and_Biochemistry_(Malik)/03%3A_Stereochemistry/3.03%3A_ConfigurationsPerspective drawing, Fisher projections, CIP rules for assigning R/S stereodescriptors, D/S stereodescriptors, and stereochemical relationships, including enantiomers, diastereomers, and meso are desc...Perspective drawing, Fisher projections, CIP rules for assigning R/S stereodescriptors, D/S stereodescriptors, and stereochemical relationships, including enantiomers, diastereomers, and meso are described.
