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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Analytical_Chemistry_2.1_(Harvey)/12%3A_Chromatographic_and_Electrophoretic_Methods/12.10%3A_Chapter_Summary_and_Key_TermsThis page highlights the fundamentals of chromatography and electrophoresis, potent analytical techniques used to separate and analyze sample components. It details concepts such as retention factors,...This page highlights the fundamentals of chromatography and electrophoresis, potent analytical techniques used to separate and analyze sample components. It details concepts such as retention factors, column efficiency, and selectivity in chromatographic separations, and how methods like gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are applied.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Pasadena_City_College/Chem_2A_(Ku)_Textbook/06%3A_Molecular_Compounds_and_Structures/6.03%3A_Molecular_Shape_and_Polarity/6.3.02%3A_Electronegativity_and_Polarity_-_Why_Oil_and_Water_Do_not_MixCovalent bonds can be nonpolar or polar, depending on the electronegativities of the atoms involved. Covalent bonds can be broken if energy is added to a molecule. The formation of covalent bonds is a...Covalent bonds can be nonpolar or polar, depending on the electronegativities of the atoms involved. Covalent bonds can be broken if energy is added to a molecule. The formation of covalent bonds is accompanied by energy given off. Covalent bond energies can be used to estimate the enthalpy changes of chemical reactions.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/American_River_College/CHEM_305%3A_Introduction_to_Chemistry_(Zumalt)/04%3A_Unit_4/4.11%3A_Electronegativity_and_Polarity_-_Why_Oil_and_Water_Do_not_MixCovalent bonds can be nonpolar or polar, depending on the electronegativities of the atoms involved. Covalent bonds can be broken if energy is added to a molecule. The formation of covalent bonds is a...Covalent bonds can be nonpolar or polar, depending on the electronegativities of the atoms involved. Covalent bonds can be broken if energy is added to a molecule. The formation of covalent bonds is accompanied by energy given off. Covalent bond energies can be used to estimate the enthalpy changes of chemical reactions.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Taft_College/CHEM_1510%3A_Introductory_College_Chemistry/12%3A_Chemical_Bonding/12.08%3A_Electronegativity_and_Polarity_-_Why_Oil_and_Water_Do_not_MixCovalent bonds can be nonpolar or polar, depending on the electronegativities of the atoms involved. Covalent bonds can be broken if energy is added to a molecule. The formation of covalent bonds is a...Covalent bonds can be nonpolar or polar, depending on the electronegativities of the atoms involved. Covalent bonds can be broken if energy is added to a molecule. The formation of covalent bonds is accompanied by energy given off. Covalent bond energies can be used to estimate the enthalpy changes of chemical reactions.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Chemistry_for_Allied_Health_(Soult)/05%3A_Properties_of_Compounds/5.03%3A_Polarity_and_Intermolecular_ForcesIn an ionic bond, one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another. In a covalent bond, one or more pairs of electrons are shared between atoms. However, bonding between atoms of differe...In an ionic bond, one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another. In a covalent bond, one or more pairs of electrons are shared between atoms. However, bonding between atoms of different elements is rarely purely ionic or purely covalent.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_California_Irvine/UCI%3A_General_Chemistry_1A_(OpenChem)/037Dipole_Moment_(OpenChem)
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Intermediate_Physical_Organic_(Morsch)/01%3A_Models_of_Chemical_Bonding/1.01%3A_Atomic_and_Molecular_Properties/1.1.05%3A_Molecular_PolarityPolarity is a physical property of compounds which relates other physical properties such as melting and boiling points, solubility, and intermolecular interactions between molecules. For the most par...Polarity is a physical property of compounds which relates other physical properties such as melting and boiling points, solubility, and intermolecular interactions between molecules. For the most part, there is a direct correlation between the polarity of a molecule and number and types of polar or non-polar covalent bonds which are present. In a few cases, a molecule may have polar bonds, but in a symmetrical arrangement which then gives rise to a non-polar molecule such as carbon dioxide.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Kentucky/CHE_103%3A_Chemistry_for_Allied_Health_(Soult)/05%3A_Properties_of_Compounds/5.03%3A_Polarity_and_Intermolecular_ForcesIn an ionic bond, one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another. In a covalent bond, one or more pairs of electrons are shared between atoms. However, bonding between atoms of differe...In an ionic bond, one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another. In a covalent bond, one or more pairs of electrons are shared between atoms. However, bonding between atoms of different elements is rarely purely ionic or purely covalent.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Symmetry_(Vallance)/01%3A_Chapters/1.04%3A_Symmetry_and_Physical_PropertiesCarrying out a symmetry operation on a molecule must not change any of its physical properties. It turns out that this has some interesting consequences, allowing us to predict whether or not a molecu...Carrying out a symmetry operation on a molecule must not change any of its physical properties. It turns out that this has some interesting consequences, allowing us to predict whether or not a molecule may be chiral or polar on the basis of its point group.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Laboratory_Experiments/Wet_Lab_Experiments/General_Chemistry_Labs/Online_Chemistry_Lab_Manual/Chem_11_Experiments/17%3A_VSEPR_Theory_and_Shapes_of_Molecules_(Experiment)The VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) model is used to predict the geometry of molecules based on the number of effective electron pairs around a central atom. The main postulate for the V...The VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) model is used to predict the geometry of molecules based on the number of effective electron pairs around a central atom. The main postulate for the VSEPR theory is that the geometrical structure around a given atom is principally determined by minimizing the repulsion between effective electron pairs. Both the molecular geometry and the polarity of individual bonds then determine whether the molecule is polar or not.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Chemical_Compounds/Introduction_to_Chemical_BondingChemical bonding is one of the most basic fundamentals of chemistry that explains other concepts such as molecules and reactions. Without it, scientists wouldn't be able to explain why atoms are attra...Chemical bonding is one of the most basic fundamentals of chemistry that explains other concepts such as molecules and reactions. Without it, scientists wouldn't be able to explain why atoms are attracted to each other or how products are formed after a chemical reaction has taken place. To understand the concept of bonding, one must first know the basics behind atomic structure.
