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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Analytical_Chemistry)/Analytical_Sciences_Digital_Library/In_Class_Activities/Separation_Science/2%3A_Chromatography__Background/01_IntroductionChromatography refers to a group of methods used as a way of separating mixtures of compounds into their individual components. The basic setup of a chromatographic system involves two phases, one sta...Chromatography refers to a group of methods used as a way of separating mixtures of compounds into their individual components. The basic setup of a chromatographic system involves two phases, one stationary and one mobile. A compound, which we will usually call the solute, is introduced into the system, and essentially has a choice. If it is attracted to the mobile phase, it will move through the system with the mobile phase. If it is attracted to the stationary phase, it will lag behind.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Oneonta/Chem_221%3A_Organic_Chemistry_I_(Bennett)/2%3ALab_Textbook_(Nichols)/04%3A_Extraction/4.05%3A_Extraction_TheoryWhen a solution is placed in a separatory funnel and shaken with an immiscible solvent, solutes often dissolve in part into both layers. The components are said to "partition" between the two layers, ...When a solution is placed in a separatory funnel and shaken with an immiscible solvent, solutes often dissolve in part into both layers. The components are said to "partition" between the two layers, or "distribute themselves" between the two layers. When equilibrium has established, the ratio of concentration of solute in each layer is constant for each system, and this can be represented by a value K (called the partition coefficient or distribution coefficient).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_Lab_Techniques_(Nichols)/04%3A_Extraction/4.05%3A_Extraction_TheoryWhen a solution is placed in a separatory funnel and shaken with an immiscible solvent, solutes often dissolve in part into both layers. The components are said to "partition" between the two layers, ...When a solution is placed in a separatory funnel and shaken with an immiscible solvent, solutes often dissolve in part into both layers. The components are said to "partition" between the two layers, or "distribute themselves" between the two layers. When equilibrium has established, the ratio of concentration of solute in each layer is constant for each system, and this can be represented by a value K (called the partition coefficient or distribution coefficient).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Sewanee%3A_The_University_of_the_South/Organic_Chemistry_Lab_Textbook/08%3A_Extraction/8.05%3A_Extraction_TheoryWhen a solution is placed in a separatory funnel and shaken with an immiscible solvent, solutes often dissolve in part into both layers. The components are said to "partition" between the two layers, ...When a solution is placed in a separatory funnel and shaken with an immiscible solvent, solutes often dissolve in part into both layers. The components are said to "partition" between the two layers, or "distribute themselves" between the two layers. When equilibrium has established, the ratio of concentration of solute in each layer is constant for each system, and this can be represented by a value K (called the partition coefficient or distribution coefficient).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Analytical_Chemistry_2.1_(Harvey)/07%3A_Obtaining_and_Preparing_Samples_for_Analysis/7.07%3A_Liquid-Liquid_ExtractionsThe document discusses liquid-liquid extraction as a key method for separating compounds, used in environmental, clinical, and industrial labs. It highlights the importance of this technique in monito...The document discusses liquid-liquid extraction as a key method for separating compounds, used in environmental, clinical, and industrial labs. It highlights the importance of this technique in monitoring trihalomethanes in water supplies, often through gas chromatography after extraction with pentane. The text explains the concepts of partition coefficients and distribution ratios, emphasizing their roles in determining extraction efficiency.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Los_Angeles_Trade_Technical_College/Analytical_Chemistry/2%3A_Analytical_Chemistry_2.0_(Harvey)/08%3A_Collecting_and_Preparing_Samples/8.06%3A_Classifying_Separation_TechniquesWe can separate an analyte and an interferent if there is a significant difference in at least one of their chemical or physical properties. This section provides a partial list of separation techniqu...We can separate an analyte and an interferent if there is a significant difference in at least one of their chemical or physical properties. This section provides a partial list of separation techniques, classified by the chemical or physical property being exploited.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Analytical_Chemistry)/Analytical_Sciences_Digital_Library/In_Class_Activities/Separation_Science/1%3A_Liquid-Liquid_ExtractionBefore examining chromatographic separations, it is useful to consider the separation process in a liquid-liquid extraction. The basic procedure for performing a liquid-liquid extraction is to take tw...Before examining chromatographic separations, it is useful to consider the separation process in a liquid-liquid extraction. The basic procedure for performing a liquid-liquid extraction is to take two immiscible phases, one of which is usually water and the other of which is usually an organic solvent. The two phases are put into a device called a separatory funnel, and compounds in the system will distribute between the two phases.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Analytical_Chemistry)/Analytical_Sciences_Digital_Library/Courseware/Separation_Science/02_Text/01_Liquid-Liquid_ExtractionThe distribution coefficient is the ratio of the concentration of solute in the organic phase over the concentration of solute in the aqueous phase (the V-terms are the volume of the phases). You coul...The distribution coefficient is the ratio of the concentration of solute in the organic phase over the concentration of solute in the aqueous phase (the V-terms are the volume of the phases). You could have a very high concentration of the solute in the organic phase, but if we looked at the amount of solute in the organic phase relative to the amount still in the water, it might only be a small portion of the total solute in the system.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Analytical_Chemistry_2.1_(Harvey)/07%3A_Obtaining_and_Preparing_Samples_for_Analysis/7.11%3A_Chapter_Summary_and_Key_TermsThis chapter summary focuses on the critical aspects of acquiring a representative sample for analysis. It emphasizes the importance of a well-structured sampling plan, including choices about sample ...This chapter summary focuses on the critical aspects of acquiring a representative sample for analysis. It emphasizes the importance of a well-structured sampling plan, including choices about sample types (e.g., random, systematic), collection methods (e.g., grab, composite), and considerations of the population's nature (homogeneous or heterogeneous).
