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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Instrumental_Analysis_(LibreTexts)/03%3A_Operational_Amplifiers_in_Chemical_Instrumentation_(TBD)/3.03%3A_Amplification_and_Measurement_of_SignalsThe basic components of an instrument are a probe that interacts with the sample, an input transducer that converts the sample's chemical and/or physical properties into an electrical signal, a signal...The basic components of an instrument are a probe that interacts with the sample, an input transducer that converts the sample's chemical and/or physical properties into an electrical signal, a signal processor that converts the electrical signal into a form we can understand. Information is encoded in two broad ways: as electrical information and as information in other, non-electrical forms. In this section we will consider how we can measure electrical signals.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Instrumental_Analysis_(LibreTexts)/22%3A_An_Introduction_to_Electroanalytical_ChemistryThe simplest division of electrochemical techniques is between bulk techniques, in which we measure a property of the solution in the electrochemical cell, and interfacial techniques, in which the pot...The simplest division of electrochemical techniques is between bulk techniques, in which we measure a property of the solution in the electrochemical cell, and interfacial techniques, in which the potential, current, or charge depends on the species present at the interface between an electrode and the solution in which it sits.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Analytical_Chemistry_2.1_(Harvey)/11%3A_Electrochemical_Methods/11.02%3A_Potentiometric_MethodsThe page provides a comprehensive overview of potentiometry, which is a method for measuring the potential of electrochemical cells under static conditions. This technique facilitates quantitative ana...The page provides a comprehensive overview of potentiometry, which is a method for measuring the potential of electrochemical cells under static conditions. This technique facilitates quantitative analysis by relating a cell???s potential to the concentration of electroactive species using the Nernst equation. It also covers different types of electrodes used in potentiometry, such as ion-selective electrodes, the significance of reference electrodes, and the impact of junction potentials.
