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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/05%3A_Electrons_in_Atoms/5.19%3A_Valence_ElectronsThis page explains valence electrons as the outermost electrons in an atom's highest energy level, which determine reactivity. It highlights that elements react differently based on their valence elec...This page explains valence electrons as the outermost electrons in an atom's highest energy level, which determine reactivity. It highlights that elements react differently based on their valence electron count, with lithium having one, beryllium two, and boron three. As one progresses across a period, valence electrons increase, reaching eight in neon. The summary also distinguishes between valence and inner shell electrons, noting that only valence electrons affect reactivity.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Descriptive_Chemistry/Elements_Organized_by_Group/Group_01%3A_Hydrogen_and_the_Alkali_Metals/Z003_Chemistry_of_Lithium_(Z3)Chlorine is a halogen in Lithium is a rare element found primarily in molten rock and saltwater in very small amounts. It is understood to be non-vital in human biological processes, although it is us...Chlorine is a halogen in Lithium is a rare element found primarily in molten rock and saltwater in very small amounts. It is understood to be non-vital in human biological processes, although it is used in many drug treatments due to its positive effects on the human brain. Because of its reactive properties, humans have utilized lithium in batteries, nuclear fusion reactions, and thermonuclear weapons.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Westminster_College/CHE_180_-_Inorganic_Chemistry/13%3A_Chapter_13_-_s-Block_Elements/13.2%3A_Reactivity_of_Group_1_Metals/Reactions_of_Group_1_Elements_with_WaterThe table below gives estimates of the enthalpy change for each of the elements undergoing the reaction with water: There is no overall trend in the overall reaction enthalpy, but each of the componen...The table below gives estimates of the enthalpy change for each of the elements undergoing the reaction with water: There is no overall trend in the overall reaction enthalpy, but each of the component input enthalpies (in which energy must be supplied) decreases down the group, while the hydration enthalpies increase: This decreases as the size of the atoms and the length of the metallic bond increase.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Westminster_College/CHE_180_-_Inorganic_Chemistry/13%3A_Chapter_13_-_s-Block_Elements/13.3%3A_Chemistry_of_Lithium_(Z%3D3)Chlorine is a halogen in Lithium is a rare element found primarily in molten rock and saltwater in very small amounts. It is understood to be non-vital in human biological processes, although it is us...Chlorine is a halogen in Lithium is a rare element found primarily in molten rock and saltwater in very small amounts. It is understood to be non-vital in human biological processes, although it is used in many drug treatments due to its positive effects on the human brain. Because of its reactive properties, humans have utilized lithium in batteries, nuclear fusion reactions, and thermonuclear weapons.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Chemistry_of_the_Main_Group_Elements_(Barron)/03%3A_Group_1_-_The_Alkali_Metals/3.03%3A_The_Anomalous_Chemistry_of_LithiumWhile lithium shows many properties that are clearly consistent with its position in Group 1, it also has key differences to the other alkali metals. In fact, in many ways it is more similar to its di...While lithium shows many properties that are clearly consistent with its position in Group 1, it also has key differences to the other alkali metals. In fact, in many ways it is more similar to its diagonal neighbor magnesium (Mg) than the other Group 1 metals.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/09%3A_Covalent_Bonding/9.04%3A_Energy_and_Covalent_Bond_FormationThis page discusses the bonding differences between BeCl2 and LiCl, highlighting that LiCl forms ionic bonds while BeCl2 involves covalent bonds. It also covers the nature of molecular compounds, whic...This page discusses the bonding differences between BeCl2 and LiCl, highlighting that LiCl forms ionic bonds while BeCl2 involves covalent bonds. It also covers the nature of molecular compounds, which are nonmetals that achieve stability by bonding and lowering potential energy. The page explains how atoms such as hydrogen stabilize through shared electrons, achieving ideal bond distances at minimum potential energy.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Descriptive_Chemistry/Elements_Organized_by_Block/1_s-Block_Elements/Group__1%3A_The_Alkali_Metals/2Reactions_of_the_Group_1_Elements/Reactions_of_Group_1_Elements_with_WaterThe table below gives estimates of the enthalpy change for each of the elements undergoing the reaction with water: There is no overall trend in the overall reaction enthalpy, but each of the componen...The table below gives estimates of the enthalpy change for each of the elements undergoing the reaction with water: There is no overall trend in the overall reaction enthalpy, but each of the component input enthalpies (in which energy must be supplied) decreases down the group, while the hydration enthalpies increase: This decreases as the size of the atoms and the length of the metallic bond increase.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/08%3A_Ionic_and_Metallic_Bonding/8.02%3A_Octet_RuleThis page explains the organization of electrons in atoms, comparing it to seating arrangements at graduation. It discusses the octet rule by Gilbert Lewis, which states that atoms aim for eight valen...This page explains the organization of electrons in atoms, comparing it to seating arrangements at graduation. It discusses the octet rule by Gilbert Lewis, which states that atoms aim for eight valence electrons for stability, reminiscent of noble gases, which are generally unreactive. While noble gases have full outer shells, exceptions exist for hydrogen and lithium. Atoms achieve stability by sharing or transferring electrons, with metals losing electrons and nonmetals gaining them.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Descriptive_Chemistry/Elements_Organized_by_Block/1_s-Block_Elements/Group__1%3A_The_Alkali_Metals/Z003_Chemistry_of_Lithium_(Z3)Chlorine is a halogen in Lithium is a rare element found primarily in molten rock and saltwater in very small amounts. It is understood to be non-vital in human biological processes, although it is us...Chlorine is a halogen in Lithium is a rare element found primarily in molten rock and saltwater in very small amounts. It is understood to be non-vital in human biological processes, although it is used in many drug treatments due to its positive effects on the human brain. Because of its reactive properties, humans have utilized lithium in batteries, nuclear fusion reactions, and thermonuclear weapons.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/11%3A_Chemical_Reactions/11.08%3A_Activity_SeriesThis page explains the reactivity differences between sodium and silver, highlighting that sodium reacts violently with water while silver does not. It introduces the "activity series," ranking metals...This page explains the reactivity differences between sodium and silver, highlighting that sodium reacts violently with water while silver does not. It introduces the "activity series," ranking metals by their reactivity, which helps predict single-replacement reactions. An example is provided showing that nickel can replace lead but not iron in reactions. The page emphasizes the role of the activity series in predicting how metals interact with water and acids.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Westminster_College/CHE_180_-_Inorganic_Chemistry/13%3A_Chapter_13_-_s-Block_Elements/13.2%3A_Reactivity_of_Group_1_Metals/Reactions_of_Group_1_Elements_with_OxygenThis page examines the reactions of the Group 1 elements (lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium) with oxygen, and the simple reactions of the various oxides formed.
