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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Oregon_Institute_of_Technology/OIT%3A_CHE_331_-_Organic_Chemistry_(Lund)/05%3A_Overview_of_Organic_Reactivity/5.02%3A_A_Quick_Review_of_Thermodynamics_and_KineticsIn a reaction coordinate diagram, the vertical axis represents the overall potential energy of the reactants, while the horizontal axis is the ‘reaction coordinate’, tracing from left to right the pro...In a reaction coordinate diagram, the vertical axis represents the overall potential energy of the reactants, while the horizontal axis is the ‘reaction coordinate’, tracing from left to right the progress of the reaction from starting reactants R to final products P. (Many students find it helpful to envision the horizontal axis in an reaction coordinate diagram as being analogous to the progress bar at the bottom of a youtube video).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/can/CHEM_231%3A_Organic_Chemistry_I_Textbook/11%3A_Reactions_of_Alkyl_Halides-_Nucleophilic_Substitutions_and_Eliminations/11.03%3A_The_SN2_ReactionThe essential feature of the S N 2 mechanism is that it takes place in a single step, without intermediates, when the incoming nucleophile reacts with the alkyl halide or tosylate (the substrate) from...The essential feature of the S N 2 mechanism is that it takes place in a single step, without intermediates, when the incoming nucleophile reacts with the alkyl halide or tosylate (the substrate) from a direction opposite the group that is displaced (the leaving group).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Thompson_Rivers_University/TRU%3A_Fundamentals_and_Principles_of_Chemistry_(CHEM_1510_and_CHEM_1520)/04%3A_Kinetics/4.01%3A_Prelude_to_KineticsThe study of chemical kinetics concerns the rate at which a reaction yields products and the molecular-scale means by which a reaction occurs. In this chapter, we will examine the factors that influen...The study of chemical kinetics concerns the rate at which a reaction yields products and the molecular-scale means by which a reaction occurs. In this chapter, we will examine the factors that influence the rates of chemical reactions, the mechanisms by which reactions proceed, and the quantitative techniques used to determine and describe the rate at which reactions occur.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Worksheets/Worksheets%3A_General_Chemistry/Worksheets%3A_General_Chemistry_(Traditional)/Kinetics_(Worksheet)/Worksheet_14%3A_Chemical_KineticsThis worksheet is designed to accompany chapter 14 in Chemistry: A Molecular Approach. It is a combination of other kinetics worksheets on LibreTexts.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Physical_Chemistry_(LibreTexts)/29%3A_Chemical_Kinetics_II-_Reaction_Mechanisms/29.08%3A_A_Catalyst_Affects_the_Mechanism_and_Activation_EnergyThis page covers the role of catalysts in chemical reactions, highlighting their ability to lower activation energy and increase reaction rates without being consumed. It distinguishes between homogen...This page covers the role of catalysts in chemical reactions, highlighting their ability to lower activation energy and increase reaction rates without being consumed. It distinguishes between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts and details mechanisms like Langmuir-Hinshelwood and Eley-Rideal in gas-phase reactions on solid surfaces. The importance of surface area is discussed, along with equations for reaction rates and concentrations.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Physical_Chemistry_(LibreTexts)/31%3A_Solids_and_Surface_Chemistry/31.09%3A_The_Structure_of_a_Surface_is_Different_from_that_of_a_Bulk_SolidThis page discusses the influence of solid surface structure, including defects, on chemisorption and physisorption kinetics and thermodynamics. It highlights the importance of techniques such as Seco...This page discusses the influence of solid surface structure, including defects, on chemisorption and physisorption kinetics and thermodynamics. It highlights the importance of techniques such as Secondary Electron Microscopy (SEM) for topography and Scanning Auger Microscopy (SAM) for compositional analysis.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Physical_Chemistry_(LibreTexts)/28%3A_Chemical_Kinetics_I_-_Rate_Laws/28.08%3A_Transition-State_Theory_Can_Be_Used_to_Estimate_Reaction_Rate_ConstantsThis page explains Transition State Theory (TST), which describes chemical reactions via a transition state or activated complex. It introduces key concepts like the reaction coordinate q, reactiv...This page explains Transition State Theory (TST), which describes chemical reactions via a transition state or activated complex. It introduces key concepts like the reaction coordinate q, reactive flux k(t), and the true rate constant k, derived from limits of reactive flux.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Physical_Chemistry_(LibreTexts)/29%3A_Chemical_Kinetics_II-_Reaction_Mechanisms/29.09%3A_The_Michaelis-Menten_Mechanism_for_Enzyme_CatalysisThis page discusses enzymes, specialized proteins that serve as biological catalysts in living organisms. It traces the historical development of enzyme study from the 19th century through the underst...This page discusses enzymes, specialized proteins that serve as biological catalysts in living organisms. It traces the historical development of enzyme study from the 19th century through the understanding of their structures in the 1920s. It explains Michaelis-Menten kinetics, which describes enzyme-substrate interactions, and introduces key parameters like the Michaelis constant (K_M) that influence reaction rates.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Inorganic_Chemistry_(LibreTexts)/06%3A_Acid-Base_and_Donor-Acceptor_Chemistry/6.04%3A_Lewis_Concept_and_Frontier_OrbitalsThe Lewis acid-base concept describes acid-base reactions in terms of electron pair donation and acceptance. Lewis acids are electron pair acceptors, while Lewis bases are donors. This concept explain...The Lewis acid-base concept describes acid-base reactions in terms of electron pair donation and acceptance. Lewis acids are electron pair acceptors, while Lewis bases are donors. This concept explains reactions like the classic example between borane BH3 and NH3, resulting in a coordinate covalent bond. The Usanovich acid-base concept extends this by including oxidation-reduction reactions.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Wisconsin_Oshkosh/Chem_370%3A_Physical_Chemistry_1_-_Thermodynamics_(Gutow)/07%3A_Kinetic_Mechanisms_1/7.01%3A_Reaction_MechanismsA reaction mechanism is a series of elementary steps that outline the path from reactants to products in a chemical reaction. Elementary reactions can be unimolecular, bimolecular, or occasionally ter...A reaction mechanism is a series of elementary steps that outline the path from reactants to products in a chemical reaction. Elementary reactions can be unimolecular, bimolecular, or occasionally termolecular, though the latter usually involves rapid bimolecular steps forming and stabilizing an activated complex. A valid mechanism must match the overall stoichiometry, be consistent with observed kinetics, and account for any side products.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Oregon_Institute_of_Technology/OIT_(Lund)%3A_Organic_Chemistry_with_a_Biological_Emphasis_(Soderberg)/06%3A_Overview_of_Organic_Reactivity/6.02%3A_A_Quick_Review_of_Thermodynamics_and_KineticsIn a reaction coordinate diagram, the vertical axis represents the overall potential energy of the reactants, while the horizontal axis is the ‘reaction coordinate’, tracing from left to right the pro...In a reaction coordinate diagram, the vertical axis represents the overall potential energy of the reactants, while the horizontal axis is the ‘reaction coordinate’, tracing from left to right the progress of the reaction from starting reactants R to final products P. (Many students find it helpful to envision the horizontal axis in an reaction coordinate diagram as being analogous to the progress bar at the bottom of a youtube video).
