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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Oneonta/Chem_221%3A_Organic_Chemistry_I_(Bennett)/3%3AStuff_to_Review_from_General_Chemistry/06%3A_Chemical_Bonding_and_Molecular_Geometry/6.02%3A_Ionic_BondingAtoms gain or lose electrons to form ions with particularly stable electron configurations. The charges of cations formed by the representative metals may be determined readily because, with few excep...Atoms gain or lose electrons to form ions with particularly stable electron configurations. The charges of cations formed by the representative metals may be determined readily because, with few exceptions, the electronic structures of these ions have either a noble gas configuration or a completely filled electron shell. The charges of anions formed by the nonmetals may also be readily determined because these ions form when nonmetal atoms gain enough electrons to fill their valence shells.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Westminster_College/CHE_180_-_Inorganic_Chemistry/14%3A_Chapter_14_-_p-Block_Elements/14.2%3A_Group_14/General_Chemistry/Oxidation_State_Trends_in_Group_4However, down the group, there are more examples of +2 oxidation states, such as SnCl 2 , PbO, and Pb 2 + . Tin's +4 state of is still more stable than its +2 state, but for lead and heavier elements,...However, down the group, there are more examples of +2 oxidation states, such as SnCl 2 , PbO, and Pb 2 + . Tin's +4 state of is still more stable than its +2 state, but for lead and heavier elements, the +2 state is the more stable; it dominates the chemistry of lead. The relatively large increase between tin and lead is due to the greater difficulty in removing the 6s 2 pair in lead than the corresponding 5s 2 pair in tin.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Alberta_Augustana_Campus/AUCHE_230_-_Structure_and_Bonding_(Elizabeth_McGinitie)/02%3A_Simple_Bonding_Theory/2.02%3A_Ionic_BondingAtoms gain or lose electrons to form ions with particularly stable electron configurations. The charges of cations formed by the representative metals may be determined readily because, with few excep...Atoms gain or lose electrons to form ions with particularly stable electron configurations. The charges of cations formed by the representative metals may be determined readily because, with few exceptions, the electronic structures of these ions have either a noble gas configuration or a completely filled electron shell. The charges of anions formed by the nonmetals may also be readily determined because these ions form when nonmetal atoms gain enough electrons to fill their valence shells.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Under_Construction/Purgatory/CHEM_2100%3A_General_Chemistry_I_(Mink)/07%3A_Chemical_Bonding_and_Molecular_Geometry/7.02%3A_Ionic_BondingAtoms gain or lose electrons to form ions with particularly stable electron configurations. The charges of cations formed by the representative metals may be determined readily because, with few excep...Atoms gain or lose electrons to form ions with particularly stable electron configurations. The charges of cations formed by the representative metals may be determined readily because, with few exceptions, the electronic structures of these ions have either a noble gas configuration or a completely filled electron shell. The charges of anions formed by the nonmetals may also be readily determined because these ions form when nonmetal atoms gain enough electrons to fill their valence shells.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/SC_149%3A_Cosmetic_Chemistry/03%3A_Molecular_and_Ionic_Compounds/3.01%3A_Ionic_BondingAtoms gain or lose electrons to form ions with particularly stable electron configurations. The charges of cations formed by the representative metals may be determined readily because, with few excep...Atoms gain or lose electrons to form ions with particularly stable electron configurations. The charges of cations formed by the representative metals may be determined readily because, with few exceptions, the electronic structures of these ions have either a noble gas configuration or a completely filled electron shell. The charges of anions formed by the nonmetals may also be readily determined because these ions form when nonmetal atoms gain enough electrons to fill their valence shells.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/Chemistry_LHS_Bridge/03%3A_Chemical_Bonding_and_Molecular_Geometry/3.02%3A_Ionic_BondingAtoms gain or lose electrons to form ions with particularly stable electron configurations. The charges of cations formed by the representative metals may be determined readily because, with few excep...Atoms gain or lose electrons to form ions with particularly stable electron configurations. The charges of cations formed by the representative metals may be determined readily because, with few exceptions, the electronic structures of these ions have either a noble gas configuration or a completely filled electron shell. The charges of anions formed by the nonmetals may also be readily determined because these ions form when nonmetal atoms gain enough electrons to fill their valence shells.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Widener_University/CHEM_176%3A_General_Chemistry_II_(Fischer-Drowos)/13%3A_Chemical_Bonding_and_Molecular_Geometry/13.02%3A_Ionic_BondingAtoms gain or lose electrons to form ions with particularly stable electron configurations. The charges of cations formed by the representative metals may be determined readily because, with few excep...Atoms gain or lose electrons to form ions with particularly stable electron configurations. The charges of cations formed by the representative metals may be determined readily because, with few exceptions, the electronic structures of these ions have either a noble gas configuration or a completely filled electron shell. The charges of anions formed by the nonmetals may also be readily determined because these ions form when nonmetal atoms gain enough electrons to fill their valence shells.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Descriptive_Chemistry/Elements_Organized_by_Block/2_p-Block_Elements/Group_14%3A_The_Carbon_Family/1Group_14%3A_General_Properties_and_ReactionsCarbon is one of the most common elements on earth, and greatly influences everyday life. This article details the periodic properties of the carbon family and briefly discusses of the individual prop...Carbon is one of the most common elements on earth, and greatly influences everyday life. This article details the periodic properties of the carbon family and briefly discusses of the individual properties of carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, lead, and flerovium.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_2200%3A_General_Chemistry_II_(Mink)/07%3A_Chemical_Bonding_and_Molecular_Geometry/7.02%3A_Ionic_BondingAtoms gain or lose electrons to form ions with particularly stable electron configurations. The charges of cations formed by the representative metals may be determined readily because, with few excep...Atoms gain or lose electrons to form ions with particularly stable electron configurations. The charges of cations formed by the representative metals may be determined readily because, with few exceptions, the electronic structures of these ions have either a noble gas configuration or a completely filled electron shell. The charges of anions formed by the nonmetals may also be readily determined because these ions form when nonmetal atoms gain enough electrons to fill their valence shells.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_2100%3A_General_Chemistry_I_(Mink)/07%3A_Chemical_Bonding_and_Molecular_Geometry/7.02%3A_Ionic_BondingAtoms gain or lose electrons to form ions with particularly stable electron configurations. The charges of cations formed by the representative metals may be determined readily because, with few excep...Atoms gain or lose electrons to form ions with particularly stable electron configurations. The charges of cations formed by the representative metals may be determined readily because, with few exceptions, the electronic structures of these ions have either a noble gas configuration or a completely filled electron shell. The charges of anions formed by the nonmetals may also be readily determined because these ions form when nonmetal atoms gain enough electrons to fill their valence shells.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Williams_School/Chemistry_I/06%3A_Chemical_Bonding_and_Molecular_Geometry/6.02%3A_Ionic_BondingAtoms gain or lose electrons to form ions with particularly stable electron configurations. The charges of cations formed by the representative metals may be determined readily because, with few excep...Atoms gain or lose electrons to form ions with particularly stable electron configurations. The charges of cations formed by the representative metals may be determined readily because, with few exceptions, the electronic structures of these ions have either a noble gas configuration or a completely filled electron shell. The charges of anions formed by the nonmetals may also be readily determined because these ions form when nonmetal atoms gain enough electrons to fill their valence shells.
