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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/06%3A_The_Periodic_Table/6.16%3A_IonThis page explains the northern lights, which are produced by charged particles (ions) interacting with Earth's magnetic field. Ions form when atoms gain or lose electrons during electron transfer, re...This page explains the northern lights, which are produced by charged particles (ions) interacting with Earth's magnetic field. Ions form when atoms gain or lose electrons during electron transfer, resulting in positive or negative charges. These reactive ions can combine to create neutral compounds and are influenced by magnetic fields, as illustrated by the northern lights phenomenon.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/21%3A_Acids_and_Bases/21.09%3A_The_pH_ScaleThis page discusses grapefruit juice's acidity, with a pH between 2.9 and 3.3 due to citric and malic acids, which can damage tooth enamel over time. It explains the pH scale developed by Søren Sørens...This page discusses grapefruit juice's acidity, with a pH between 2.9 and 3.3 due to citric and malic acids, which can damage tooth enamel over time. It explains the pH scale developed by Søren Sørensen, where lower values indicate higher acidity, with neutral being at pH 7 and values above indicating basicity. The scale helps simplify the identification of acidity in different solutions.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/21%3A_Acids_and_Bases/21.05%3A_Brnsted-Lowry_Acids_and_BasesThis page discusses the evolution of acid-base theories, starting with the Arrhenius theory, which had limitations related to solvents and non-ionizing substances. The Brønsted-Lowry theory, introduce...This page discusses the evolution of acid-base theories, starting with the Arrhenius theory, which had limitations related to solvents and non-ionizing substances. The Brønsted-Lowry theory, introduced in 1923, defined acids as hydrogen ion donors and bases as hydrogen ion acceptors, broadening the scope to include compounds like ammonia. It highlights the role of anions and molecules with lone-pair electrons in proton acceptance, enhancing the understanding of acid-base reactions.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/19%3A_Equilibrium/19.06%3A_Effect_of_ConcentrationThis page discusses phenolphthalein's color change in relation to hydrogen ion concentration and the principles of equilibrium in chemical reactions. It highlights how altering reactant or product con...This page discusses phenolphthalein's color change in relation to hydrogen ion concentration and the principles of equilibrium in chemical reactions. It highlights how altering reactant or product concentrations impacts equilibrium, exemplified by the Haber-Bosch process for ammonia production. Adding reactants shifts equilibrium towards product formation, while adding products reverses this shift.
