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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Inorganic_Chemistry_(LibreTexts)/08%3A_Chemistry_of_the_Main_Group_Elements/8.13%3A_The_Halogens/8.13.02%3A_Chemical_Properties_of_the_Halogens/8.13.2.07%3A_The_Acidity_of_the_Hydrogen_HalidesThis page discusses the acidity of the hydrogen halides: hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide and hydrogen iodide. It begins by describing their physical properties and synthesis and...This page discusses the acidity of the hydrogen halides: hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide and hydrogen iodide. It begins by describing their physical properties and synthesis and then explains what happens when they react with water to make acids such as hydrofluoric acid and hydrochloric acid.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/15%3A_Water/15.06%3A_Liquid-Liquid_SolutionsThis page discusses the 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spill, highlighting how the nonpolar nature of crude oil prevents it from mixing with water. It explains the concept of miscibility, noting that nonpola...This page discusses the 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spill, highlighting how the nonpolar nature of crude oil prevents it from mixing with water. It explains the concept of miscibility, noting that nonpolar compounds like oil do not dissolve in polar solvents, emphasizing the principle "like dissolves like" and the necessity of polarity for solubility in water through hydrogen bonding.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/25%3A_Organic_Chemistry/25.09%3A_AlcoholsThis page discusses the freezing point of water and its impact on car engines in winter. It highlights the use of antifreeze, particularly propylene glycol, to mitigate freezing risks. Additionally, i...This page discusses the freezing point of water and its impact on car engines in winter. It highlights the use of antifreeze, particularly propylene glycol, to mitigate freezing risks. Additionally, it explains the classification of alcohols based on R groups and notes their water solubility, which diminishes with longer carbon chains.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Descriptive_Chemistry/Main_Group_Reactions/Compounds/Aluminosilicates/AluminasAluminas are the second most abundant mineral of the earth crust. From the discussion on this page, you will be introduced to various forms of alumina, their structures, and properties so that when yo...Aluminas are the second most abundant mineral of the earth crust. From the discussion on this page, you will be introduced to various forms of alumina, their structures, and properties so that when you encounter them, you can associate their properties with their chemical identities (compositions) and structures.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Sandboxes/khaas/Inorganic_Chemistry_II_(CHEM4210)/01%3A_Basic_Inorganic_Concepts/1.06%3A_Acid-Base_and_Donor-Acceptor_Chemistry/1.6.05%3A_Intermolecular_Forces/1.6.5.02%3A_Hydrogen_bonds_may_be_considered_as_a_special_type_of_Lewis_acid-base_interaction_in_which_a_Lewis_acid_hydrogen_ion_is_shared_between_Lewis_basesAn O-H bond in the water on the left serves as the hydrogen bond donor while one of the lone pairs on the oxygen of the water on the right acts as the hydrogen bond acceptor.* The strength of this cla...An O-H bond in the water on the left serves as the hydrogen bond donor while one of the lone pairs on the oxygen of the water on the right acts as the hydrogen bond acceptor.* The strength of this classical hydrogen bonding interaction is ~12-20 kJ/mol, much greater than typical dipole-dipole interaction energies (<4 kJ/mol), and even though the hydrogen bonds in water are somewhat flexible, the O-H---O hydrogen bond axis prefers to be linear in many cases [1].
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Tennessee_State_University/Inorganic_Chemistry_(CHEM_5000_4200)/01%3A_Map-_Inorganic_Chemistry-I_(LibreTexts)/04%3A_Acid-Base_and_Donor-Acceptor_Chemistry/4.05%3A_Intermolecular_Forces/4.5.02%3A_Hydrogen_bonds_may_be_considered_as_a_special_type_of_Lewis_acid-base_interaction_in_which_a_Lewis_acid_hydrogen_ion_is_shared_between_Lewis_basesAn O-H bond in the water on the left serves as the hydrogen bond donor while one of the lone pairs on the oxygen of the water on the right acts as the hydrogen bond acceptor.* The strengths of these c...An O-H bond in the water on the left serves as the hydrogen bond donor while one of the lone pairs on the oxygen of the water on the right acts as the hydrogen bond acceptor.* The strengths of these classical hydrogen bonding interaction is ~12-20 kJ/mol, much greater than typical dipole-dipole interaction energies (<4 kJ/mol), and even though the hydrogen bonds in water are somewhat flexible the O-H---O hydrogen bond axis prefers to be linear in many cases [1].
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Descriptive_Chemistry/Elements_Organized_by_Block/2_p-Block_Elements/Group_17%3A_The_Halogens/1Group_17%3A_General_Reactions/The_Acidity_of_the_Hydrogen_HalidesThis page discusses the acidity of the hydrogen halides: hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide and hydrogen iodide. It begins by describing their physical properties and synthesis and...This page discusses the acidity of the hydrogen halides: hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide and hydrogen iodide. It begins by describing their physical properties and synthesis and then explains what happens when they react with water to make acids such as hydrofluoric acid and hydrochloric acid.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Inorganic_Chemistry_(LibreTexts)/06%3A_Acid-Base_and_Donor-Acceptor_Chemistry/6.05%3A_Intermolecular_Forces/6.5.02%3A_Hydrogen_bonds_may_be_considered_as_a_special_type_of_Lewis_acid-base_interaction_in_which_a_Lewis_acid_hydrogen_ion_is_shared_between_Lewis_basesAn O-H bond in the water on the left serves as the hydrogen bond donor while one of the lone pairs on the oxygen of the water on the right acts as the hydrogen bond acceptor.* The strength of this cla...An O-H bond in the water on the left serves as the hydrogen bond donor while one of the lone pairs on the oxygen of the water on the right acts as the hydrogen bond acceptor.* The strength of this classical hydrogen bonding interaction is ~12-20 kJ/mol, much greater than typical dipole-dipole interaction energies (<4 kJ/mol), and even though the hydrogen bonds in water are somewhat flexible, the O-H---O hydrogen bond axis prefers to be linear in many cases [1].
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/15%3A_Water/15.01%3A_Structure_of_WaterThis page explores the molecular characteristics and importance of water, highlighting its composition of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms, its bent shape due to polar covalent bonding, and its abili...This page explores the molecular characteristics and importance of water, highlighting its composition of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms, its bent shape due to polar covalent bonding, and its ability to form strong hydrogen bonds. The tetrahedral geometry around the oxygen atom allows for multiple hydrogen bonds, significantly contributing to water's unique properties and its essential roles in biological processes.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Arkansas_Little_Rock/Chem_1403%3A_General_Chemistry_2/Text/11%3A_Intermolecular_Forces_and_Liquids/11.05%3A__Hydrogen_BondsHydrogen bonds are a strong type of dipole-dipole interaction. As a Rule of Thumb, they are weaker than covalent and ionic ("intramolecular") bonds", but stronger than most dipole-dipole interactions.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Westminster_College/CHE_180_-_Inorganic_Chemistry/14%3A_Chapter_14_-_p-Block_Elements/14.5%3A_Group_17/Chemical_Properties_of_the_Halogens/The_Acidity_of_the_Hydrogen_HalidesThis page discusses the acidity of the hydrogen halides: hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide and hydrogen iodide. It begins by describing their physical properties and synthesis and...This page discusses the acidity of the hydrogen halides: hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide and hydrogen iodide. It begins by describing their physical properties and synthesis and then explains what happens when they react with water to make acids such as hydrofluoric acid and hydrochloric acid.
