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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Prince_Georges_Community_College/CHEM_2000%3A_Chemistry_for_Engineers_(Sinex)/Unit_1%3A_Atomic_Structure/Chapter_2%3A_Atomic_Structure/Chapter_2.5%3A_Atomic_Spectra_and_Models_of_the_AtomFigure 2.5.11 A Ruby Laser (a) This cutaway view of a ruby laser shows the ruby rod, the flash lamp used to excite the Cr 3 + ions in the ruby, and the totally and partially reflective mirrors. (b) Th...Figure 2.5.11 A Ruby Laser (a) This cutaway view of a ruby laser shows the ruby rod, the flash lamp used to excite the Cr 3 + ions in the ruby, and the totally and partially reflective mirrors. (b) This schematic drawing illustrates how light from the flash lamp excites the Cr 3 + ions to a short-lived excited state, which is followed by decay to a longer-lived excited state that is responsible for the stimulated in-phase emission of light by the laser.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/05%3A_Electrons_in_Atoms/5.12%3A_Energy_LevelThis page explains how fireworks create colorful bursts of light through energy transitions of electrons in atoms. It outlines electron shells' roles in determining energy levels, and highlights that ...This page explains how fireworks create colorful bursts of light through energy transitions of electrons in atoms. It outlines electron shells' roles in determining energy levels, and highlights that valence electrons impact an atom's stability and reactivity. Reactive elements with incomplete valence shells, like fluorine and lithium, contrast with the stability of neon, which has a full outer shell.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Modesto_Junior_College/Chemistry_150_-_Bunag/Textbook_for_Chemistry_150/04%3A_Valence_Electrons_and_Bonding/4.02%3A_Understanding_Atomic_SpectraThe ground state of an atom is the lowest energy state of the atom. When those atoms are given energy, the electrons absorb the energy and move to a higher energy level. An excited state of an atom is...The ground state of an atom is the lowest energy state of the atom. When those atoms are given energy, the electrons absorb the energy and move to a higher energy level. An excited state of an atom is a state where its potential energy is higher than the ground state. When it returns back to the ground state, it releases the energy that it had previously gained often in the form of electromagnetic radiation (although it can be released via heat).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Furman_University/CHM101%3A_Chemistry_and_Global_Awareness_(Gordon)/04%3A_Valence_Electrons_and_Bonding/4.02%3A_Understanding_Atomic_SpectraThe ground state of an atom is the lowest energy state of the atom. When those atoms are given energy, the electrons absorb the energy and move to a higher energy level. An excited state of an atom is...The ground state of an atom is the lowest energy state of the atom. When those atoms are given energy, the electrons absorb the energy and move to a higher energy level. An excited state of an atom is a state where its potential energy is higher than the ground state. When it returns back to the ground state, it releases the energy that it had previously gained often in the form of electromagnetic radiation (although it can be released via heat).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Portland_Community_College/CH100%3A_Everyday_Chemistry/03%3A_Atoms_and_the_Periodic_Table/3.11%3A_Understanding_Atomic_SpectraThe ground state of an atom is the lowest energy state of the atom. When those atoms are given energy, the electrons absorb the energy and move to a higher energy level. An excited state of an atom is...The ground state of an atom is the lowest energy state of the atom. When those atoms are given energy, the electrons absorb the energy and move to a higher energy level. An excited state of an atom is a state where its potential energy is higher than the ground state. When it returns back to the ground state, it releases the energy that it had previously gained often in the form of electromagnetic radiation (although it can be released via heat).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/18%3A_Kinetics/18.03%3A_Activation_EnergyThis page discusses the risks associated with fireworks during special events, emphasizing the importance of handling them safely. It explains that different chemicals require varying activation energ...This page discusses the risks associated with fireworks during special events, emphasizing the importance of handling them safely. It explains that different chemicals require varying activation energies to initiate reactions, with examples of sodium and calcium demonstrating differing reaction rates with water. The concept of activation energy is defined as the minimum energy needed for reactions to occur, noting that reactions may happen at room temperature or require heating for activation.
