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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Oneonta/Chem_322_Lecture_Content/02%3A_Nucleophilic_Carbonyl_Addition_Reactions/2.06%3A_IminesThe electrophilic carbon atom of aldehydes and ketones can be the target of nucleophilic attack by amines as well as alcohols. The end result of attack by an amine nucleophile is a functional group in...The electrophilic carbon atom of aldehydes and ketones can be the target of nucleophilic attack by amines as well as alcohols. The end result of attack by an amine nucleophile is a functional group in which the C=O double bond is replaced by a C=N double bond, and is known as an imine.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Roosevelt_University/General_Organic_and_Biochemistry_with_Problems_Case_Studies_and_Activities/14%3A_Proteins/14.02%3A_Amino_AcidsProteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules. Proteins may be structural, regulatory, contractile, or pr...Proteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules. Proteins may be structural, regulatory, contractile, or protective; they may serve in transport, storage, or membranes; or they may be toxins or enzymes. Each cell in a living system may contain thousands of proteins, each with a unique function. Their structures, like their functions, vary greatly.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/Pick_Your_Poison%3A_Introduction_to_Materials_Toxicology/25%3A_Biomolecules-_Amino_Acids_Peptides_and_Proteins/25.11%3A_Enzymes_and_CoenzymesEnzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in cells, functioning by lowering activation energy. They are often proteins, though some RNA molecules (ribozymes) can act as enzymes...Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in cells, functioning by lowering activation energy. They are often proteins, though some RNA molecules (ribozymes) can act as enzymes. Coenzymes are non-protein organic molecules that assist enzymes, often derived from vitamins. Together, they play crucial roles in metabolic pathways and cellular processes, ensuring efficiency and specificity in biochemical reactions.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Book%3A_Organic_Chemistry_with_a_Biological_Emphasis_v2.0_(Soderberg)/10%3A_Nucleophilic_Carbonyl_Addition_Reactions/10.06%3A_IminesThe electrophilic carbon atom of aldehydes and ketones can be the target of nucleophilic attack by amines as well as alcohols. The end result of attack by an amine nucleophile is a functional group in...The electrophilic carbon atom of aldehydes and ketones can be the target of nucleophilic attack by amines as well as alcohols. The end result of attack by an amine nucleophile is a functional group in which the C=O double bond is replaced by a C=N double bond, and is known as an imine.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(Morsch_et_al.)/26%3A_Biomolecules-_Amino_Acids_Peptides_and_Proteins/26.11%3A_Enzymes_and_CoenzymesFigure \(\PageIndex{2}\): The Lock-and-Key Model of Enzyme Action. (a) Because the substrate and the active site of the enzyme have complementary structures and bonding groups, they fit together as a ...Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\): The Lock-and-Key Model of Enzyme Action. (a) Because the substrate and the active site of the enzyme have complementary structures and bonding groups, they fit together as a key fits a lock. (b) The catalytic reaction occurs while the two are bonded together in the enzyme-substrate complex.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/26%3A_Biochemistry/26.07%3A_EnzymesThis page discusses the isolation of urease by James Sumner in 1926, highlighting its role as the first enzyme and earning Sumner a Nobel Prize in 1946. It explains enzymes as biological catalysts tha...This page discusses the isolation of urease by James Sumner in 1926, highlighting its role as the first enzyme and earning Sumner a Nobel Prize in 1946. It explains enzymes as biological catalysts that facilitate reactions by binding substrates at active sites, and describes how inhibitors can disrupt their function either competitively or non-competitively. Additionally, it notes that some enzymes need cofactors, which are non-protein molecules essential for their activity.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Saint_Marys_College_Notre_Dame_IN/CHEM_122-02_(Under_Construction)/6%3A_Kinetics/6.1%3A_Chemical_Kinetics/The_Change_of_Concentration_with_Time_(Integrated_Rate_Laws)The reaction rate of a zeroth-order reaction is independent of the concentration of the reactants. The reaction rate of a first-order reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of one reac...The reaction rate of a zeroth-order reaction is independent of the concentration of the reactants. The reaction rate of a first-order reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of one reactant. The reaction rate of a simple second-order reaction is proportional to the square of the concentration of one reactant. Knowing the rate law of a reaction gives clues to the reaction mechanism.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(OpenStax)/26%3A_Biomolecules-_Amino_Acids_Peptides_and_Proteins/26.10%3A_Enzymes_and_CoenzymesEnzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in cells, functioning by lowering activation energy. They are often proteins, though some RNA molecules (ribozymes) can act as enzymes...Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in cells, functioning by lowering activation energy. They are often proteins, though some RNA molecules (ribozymes) can act as enzymes. Coenzymes are non-protein organic molecules that assist enzymes, often derived from vitamins. Together, they play crucial roles in metabolic pathways and cellular processes, ensuring efficiency and specificity in biochemical reactions.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Oregon_Institute_of_Technology/OIT_(Lund)%3A_Organic_Chemistry_with_a_Biological_Emphasis_(Soderberg)/10%3A_Nucleophilic_Carbonyl_Addition_Reactions/10.05%3A_IminesThe electrophilic carbon atom of aldehydes and ketones can be the target of nucleophilic attack by amines as well as alcohols. The end result of attack by an amine nucleophile is a functional group in...The electrophilic carbon atom of aldehydes and ketones can be the target of nucleophilic attack by amines as well as alcohols. The end result of attack by an amine nucleophile is a functional group in which the C=O double bond is replaced by a C=N double bond, and is known as an imine.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Roosevelt_University/General_Organic_and_Biochemistry_with_Problems_Case_Studies_and_Activities/14%3A_Proteins/14.03%3A_Primary_Structure-_PeptidesProteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules. Proteins may be structural, regulatory, contractile, or pr...Proteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules. Proteins may be structural, regulatory, contractile, or protective; they may serve in transport, storage, or membranes; or they may be toxins or enzymes. Each cell in a living system may contain thousands of proteins, each with a unique function. Their structures, like their functions, vary greatly.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Prince_Georges_Community_College/CHEM_1020%3A_General_Chemistry_II_(S.N._Yasapala)/01%3A_Chemical_Kinetics/1.06%3A_Integrated_Rate_Laws_(Zeroth_First_and_second_order_reactions)The reaction rate of a zeroth-order reaction is independent of the concentration of the reactants. The reaction rate of a first-order reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of one reac...The reaction rate of a zeroth-order reaction is independent of the concentration of the reactants. The reaction rate of a first-order reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of one reactant. The reaction rate of a simple second-order reaction is proportional to the square of the concentration of one reactant. Knowing the rate law of a reaction gives clues to the reaction mechanism.
