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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Oregon_Institute_of_Technology/OIT%3A_CHE_333_-_Organic_Chemistry_III_(Lund)/New_Page/2%3A_Introduction_to_Organic_Structure_and_Bonding_II/2.1%3A_Valence_Bond_TheoryValence bond theory is most often used to describe bonding in organic molecules. In this model, bonds are considered to form from the overlap of two atomic orbitals on different atoms, each orbital c...Valence bond theory is most often used to describe bonding in organic molecules. In this model, bonds are considered to form from the overlap of two atomic orbitals on different atoms, each orbital containing a single electron. In looking at simple inorganic molecules such as molecular hydrogen (H2) or hydrogen fluoride (HF), our present understanding of s and p atomic orbitals will suffice. In order to explain the bonding in organic molecules, however, we will need to introduce hybrid orbitals
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/can/CHEM_231%3A_Organic_Chemistry_I_Textbook/06%3A_An_Overview_of_Organic_Reactions/6.06%3A_An_Example_of_a_Polar_Reaction_-_Addition_of_HBr_to_EthyleneThis page looks at the reaction of the carbon-carbon double bond in alkenes such as ethene with hydrogen halides such as hydrogen chloride and hydrogen bromide. Symmetrical alkenes (like ethene or but...This page looks at the reaction of the carbon-carbon double bond in alkenes such as ethene with hydrogen halides such as hydrogen chloride and hydrogen bromide. Symmetrical alkenes (like ethene or but-2-ene) are dealt with first. These are alkenes where identical groups are attached to each end of the carbon-carbon double bond.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Alma_College/Organic_Chemistry_I_(Alma_College)/06%3A_An_Overview_of_Organic_Reactions/6.05%3A_An_Example_of_a_Polar_Reaction_-_Addition_of_HBr_to_EthyleneThis page looks at the reaction of the carbon-carbon double bond in alkenes such as ethene with hydrogen halides such as hydrogen chloride and hydrogen bromide. Symmetrical alkenes (like ethene or but...This page looks at the reaction of the carbon-carbon double bond in alkenes such as ethene with hydrogen halides such as hydrogen chloride and hydrogen bromide. Symmetrical alkenes (like ethene or but-2-ene) are dealt with first. These are alkenes where identical groups are attached to each end of the carbon-carbon double bond.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Chandler_Gilbert_Community_College/Fundamental_Organic_ala_Mech/05%3A_Unit_2/5.02%3A_Reactions_overview/5.2.05%3A_An_Example_of_a_Polar_Reaction_-_Addition_of_HBr_to_EthyleneThis page looks at the reaction of the carbon-carbon double bond in alkenes such as ethene with hydrogen halides such as hydrogen chloride and hydrogen bromide. Symmetrical alkenes (like ethene or but...This page looks at the reaction of the carbon-carbon double bond in alkenes such as ethene with hydrogen halides such as hydrogen chloride and hydrogen bromide. Symmetrical alkenes (like ethene or but-2-ene) are dealt with first. These are alkenes where identical groups are attached to each end of the carbon-carbon double bond.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(Morsch_et_al.)/06%3A_An_Overview_of_Organic_Reactions/6.05%3A_An_Example_of_a_Polar_Reaction_-_Addition_of_HBr_to_EthyleneThis page looks at the reaction of the carbon-carbon double bond in alkenes such as ethene with hydrogen halides such as hydrogen chloride and hydrogen bromide. Symmetrical alkenes (like ethene or but...This page looks at the reaction of the carbon-carbon double bond in alkenes such as ethene with hydrogen halides such as hydrogen chloride and hydrogen bromide. Symmetrical alkenes (like ethene or but-2-ene) are dealt with first. These are alkenes where identical groups are attached to each end of the carbon-carbon double bond.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Oneonta/Organic_Chemistry_with_a_Biological_Emphasis_(SUNY_Oneonta)/08%3A_Nucleophilic_Substitution_Reactions/8.04%3A_ElectrophilesNext, we turn to electrophiles. In the vast majority of the nucleophilic substitution reactions you will see in this and other organic chemistry texts, the electrophilic atom is a carbon bonded to an ...Next, we turn to electrophiles. In the vast majority of the nucleophilic substitution reactions you will see in this and other organic chemistry texts, the electrophilic atom is a carbon bonded to an electronegative atom, usually oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, or a halogen.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Book%3A_Organic_Chemistry_with_a_Biological_Emphasis_v2.0_(Soderberg)/08%3A_Nucleophilic_Substitution_Reactions/8.04%3A_ElectrophilesNext, we turn to electrophiles. In the vast majority of the nucleophilic substitution reactions you will see in this and other organic chemistry texts, the electrophilic atom is a carbon bonded to an ...Next, we turn to electrophiles. In the vast majority of the nucleophilic substitution reactions you will see in this and other organic chemistry texts, the electrophilic atom is a carbon bonded to an electronegative atom, usually oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, or a halogen.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introduction_to_Organic_and_Biochemistry_(Malik)/01%3A_Bonding_in_organic_compounds/1.05%3A_Formal_ChargeA formal charge is assigned to an atom in a molecule based on the assumption that bonding electrons are shared equally. Calculating formal charges and characteristics of some organic species having fo...A formal charge is assigned to an atom in a molecule based on the assumption that bonding electrons are shared equally. Calculating formal charges and characteristics of some organic species having formal charges are described.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Oregon_Institute_of_Technology/OIT%3A_CHE_332_--_Organic_Chemistry_II_(Lund)/8%3A_Nucleophilic_Substitution_Reactions/8.3%3A_ElectrophilesNext, we turn to electrophiles. In the vast majority of the nucleophilic substitution reactions you will see in this and other organic chemistry texts, the electrophilic atom is a carbon bonded to an ...Next, we turn to electrophiles. In the vast majority of the nucleophilic substitution reactions you will see in this and other organic chemistry texts, the electrophilic atom is a carbon bonded to an electronegative atom, usually oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, or a halogen.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Oregon_Institute_of_Technology/OIT_(Lund)%3A_Organic_Chemistry_with_a_Biological_Emphasis_(Soderberg)/08%3A_Nucleophilic_Substitution_Reactions/8.03%3A_ElectrophilesNext, we turn to electrophiles. In the vast majority of the nucleophilic substitution reactions you will see in this and other organic chemistry texts, the electrophilic atom is a carbon bonded to an ...Next, we turn to electrophiles. In the vast majority of the nucleophilic substitution reactions you will see in this and other organic chemistry texts, the electrophilic atom is a carbon bonded to an electronegative atom, usually oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, or a halogen.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Oregon_Institute_of_Technology/OIT%3A_CHE_331_-_Organic_Chemistry_(Lund)/01%3A_General_Chemistry_Recap/1.02%3A_Valence_Bond_TheoryValence bond theory is most often used to describe bonding in organic molecules. In this model, bonds are considered to form from the overlap of two atomic orbitals on different atoms, each orbital c...Valence bond theory is most often used to describe bonding in organic molecules. In this model, bonds are considered to form from the overlap of two atomic orbitals on different atoms, each orbital containing a single electron. In looking at simple inorganic molecules such as molecular hydrogen (H2) or hydrogen fluoride (HF), our present understanding of s and p atomic orbitals will suffice. In order to explain the bonding in organic molecules, however, we will need to introduce hybrid orbitals
