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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/16%3A_Solutions/16.13%3A_Freezing_Point_DepressionThis page discusses colligative properties, particularly freezing point depression, and their practical applications like using salts to improve road safety by lowering ice melting points. Common salt...This page discusses colligative properties, particularly freezing point depression, and their practical applications like using salts to improve road safety by lowering ice melting points. Common salts include sodium chloride, calcium chloride, and magnesium chloride. The freezing point depression depends on solute concentration and is quantified by the molal freezing-point depression constant, Kf, unique to each solvent.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/17%3A_Thermochemistry/17.13%3A_Heat_of_SolutionThis page emphasizes the importance of slowly adding concentrated sulfuric acid to water during dilutions to avoid splattering due to heat release. It explains the concept of heat of solution and prov...This page emphasizes the importance of slowly adding concentrated sulfuric acid to water during dilutions to avoid splattering due to heat release. It explains the concept of heat of solution and provides examples of thermal reactions in hot and cold packs. The molar heat of solution is defined as the heat change per mole of solute dissolved, and sample calculations illustrate how to calculate temperature changes from the heat released when substances like sodium hydroxide dissolve in water.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/16%3A_Solutions/16.15%3A_Electrolytes_and_Colligative_PropertiesThis page discusses how ionic compounds, as electrolytes, dissociate into ions in solution, affecting colligative properties like freezing and boiling points. Using calcium chloride as an example, it ...This page discusses how ionic compounds, as electrolytes, dissociate into ions in solution, affecting colligative properties like freezing and boiling points. Using calcium chloride as an example, it demonstrates this dissociation leads to significant alterations in freezing point (calculated at -10.3°C) and boiling point (calculated at 102.84°C), illustrating the substantial impact of ionization.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/10%3A_The_Mole/10.04%3A_Conversions_Between_Moles_and_MassThis page discusses the importance of measuring product yield in chemical manufacturing, highlighting the need for accurate conversions between moles and mass. It emphasizes the link between molar mas...This page discusses the importance of measuring product yield in chemical manufacturing, highlighting the need for accurate conversions between moles and mass. It emphasizes the link between molar mass and these conversions, providing practical examples such as calculating the mass needed for specific moles of calcium chloride. The content stresses the significance of precision in calculations and significant figures in laboratory work, concluding with a review of mole and mass conversions.
