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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Environmental_Chemistry/Geochemistry_(Lower)/04%3A_The_BiosphereThe biosphere comprises the various regions near the earth’s surface that contain and are dynamically affected by the metabolic activity of the approximately 1.5 million animal species and 0.5 million...The biosphere comprises the various regions near the earth’s surface that contain and are dynamically affected by the metabolic activity of the approximately 1.5 million animal species and 0.5 million plant species that are presently known and are still being discovered at a rate of about 10,000 per year. The biosphere is the youngest of the dynamical systems of the earth, having had its genesis about 2 billion years ago.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/California_Polytechnic_State_University_San_Luis_Obispo/Survey_of_Biochemistry_and_Biotechnology/01%3A_Chemical_and_Biological_Foundations/1.01%3A_Biological_Foundations/1.1.01%3A_Properties_of_lifeFrom its earliest beginnings, biology has wrestled with three questions: What are the shared properties that make something “alive”? And once we know something is alive, how do we find meaningful leve...From its earliest beginnings, biology has wrestled with three questions: What are the shared properties that make something “alive”? And once we know something is alive, how do we find meaningful levels of organization in its structure? And, finally, when faced with the remarkable diversity of life, how do we organize the different kinds of organisms so that we can better understand them? As new organisms are discovered every day, biologists continue to seek answers to these and other questions.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/ChemPRIME_(Moore_et_al.)/20%3A_Molecules_in_Living_Systems/20.03%3A_The_Building_Blocks_of_BiochemistryFortunately nearly all the substances found in living cells are polymeric—they are built up by different combinations of a limited number of relatively small molecules. For example, the basic structur...Fortunately nearly all the substances found in living cells are polymeric—they are built up by different combinations of a limited number of relatively small molecules. For example, the basic structures of all proteins in all organisms consist of covalently linked chains containing 100 or more amino acid residues. Only 20 different amino acids are commonly incorporated in proteins, but the number of ways of arranging 100 of these in a chain taking any of the amino acids at random for each place
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Environmental_Chemistry/Green_Chemistry_and_the_Ten_Commandments_of_Sustainability_(Manahan)/12%3A_The_Biosphere_and_the_Role_of_Green_Chemistry_in_Feeding_a_Hungry_World/12.02%3A_New_PageThe first of these is photosynthesis shown in Reaction 12.3.1 in which plants use light energy to convert inorganic CO 2 and H 2 O to glucose sugar, C 6 H 12 O 6 . The second major type of metabolic r...The first of these is photosynthesis shown in Reaction 12.3.1 in which plants use light energy to convert inorganic CO 2 and H 2 O to glucose sugar, C 6 H 12 O 6 . The second major type of metabolic reaction is the mirror image of photosynthesis, cellular respiration in which glucose is oxidized to CO 2 and H 2 O, yielding energy that is used by the organism.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Environmental_Chemistry/Green_Chemistry_and_the_Ten_Commandments_of_Sustainability_(Manahan)/08%3A_The_Five_Environmental_Spheres_and_Biogeochemical_Cycle/8.05%3A_New_PageThree of these are organisms capable of existing as single cells, but often occurring in colonies of undifferentiated cells clumped together: (1) Archaebacteria without defined cell nuclei that do not...Three of these are organisms capable of existing as single cells, but often occurring in colonies of undifferentiated cells clumped together: (1) Archaebacteria without defined cell nuclei that do not require oxygen or light and often exist in extreme environments such as hot springs; (2) eubacteria without defined cell nuclei including heterotrophs that metabolize organic material, cyanobacteria that obtain energy through photosynthesis, and members that obtain their energy by mediating reacti…
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/Pick_Your_Poison%3A_Introduction_to_Materials_Toxicology/37%3A_Geochemistry_(Lower)/37.04%3A_The_BiosphereThe biosphere comprises the various regions near the earth’s surface that contain and are dynamically affected by the metabolic activity of the approximately 1.5 million animal species and 0.5 million...The biosphere comprises the various regions near the earth’s surface that contain and are dynamically affected by the metabolic activity of the approximately 1.5 million animal species and 0.5 million plant species that are presently known and are still being discovered at a rate of about 10,000 per year. The biosphere is the youngest of the dynamical systems of the earth, having had its genesis about 2 billion years ago.
