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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Smith_College/Organic_Chemistry_(LibreTexts)/01%3A_Structure_and_Bonding/1.07%3A_sp_Hybrid_Orbitals_and_the_Structure_of_MethaneThe four identical C-H single bonds in methane form as the result of sigma bond overlap between the sp3 hybrid orbitals of carbon and the s orbital of each hydrogen.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Smith_College/Organic_Chemistry_(LibreTexts)/07%3A_Alkenes-_Structure_and_Reactivity/7.10%3A_Orientation_of_Electrophilic_Additions_-_Markovnikov's_RuleThis page looks at the reaction of the carbon-carbon double bond in alkenes such as ethene with hydrogen halides such as hydrogen chloride and hydrogen bromide. Symmetrical alkenes (like ethene or but...This page looks at the reaction of the carbon-carbon double bond in alkenes such as ethene with hydrogen halides such as hydrogen chloride and hydrogen bromide. Symmetrical alkenes (like ethene or but-2-ene) are dealt with first. These are alkenes where identical groups are attached to each end of the carbon-carbon double bond.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Alma_College/Organic_Chemistry_I_(Alma_College)/10%3A_Alkenes-_Structure_and_Reactivity/10.11%3A_Evidence_for_the_Mechanism_of_Electrophilic_Additions_-_Carbocation_RearrangementsWhenever possible, carbocations will rearrange from a less stable isomer to a more stable isomer. This rearrangement can be achieved by either a hydride shift, where a hydrogen atom migrates from one ...Whenever possible, carbocations will rearrange from a less stable isomer to a more stable isomer. This rearrangement can be achieved by either a hydride shift, where a hydrogen atom migrates from one carbon atom to the next, taking a pair of electrons with it; or an alkyl shift, in which an alkyl group undergoes a similar migration, again taking a bonding pair of electrons with it. These migrations usually occur between neighboring carbon atoms.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Martin_Luther_College/Organic_Chemistry_-_MLC/03%3A_Alcohols_Ethers_Thiols_Sulfides_and_Amines/3.03%3A_Amines_and_Heterocycles/3.3.03%3A_Synthesis_of_AminesThere is a rearrangement step in the overall degradation process, however: this is the step in which the alkyl group of the acyl nitrene migrates from carbon to nitrogen to produce an isocyanate. The ...There is a rearrangement step in the overall degradation process, however: this is the step in which the alkyl group of the acyl nitrene migrates from carbon to nitrogen to produce an isocyanate. The Curtius rearrangement involves an acyl azide reacting with water and heat to produce a 1 o amine along with CO 2 and N 2 . The acyl azide is usually made by a nucleophilic substitution of an acid chloride with sodium azide (NaN 3 )
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(Morsch_et_al.)/07%3A_Alkenes-_Structure_and_Reactivity/7.12%3A_Evidence_for_the_Mechanism_of_Electrophilic_Additions_-_Carbocation_RearrangementsWhenever possible, carbocations will rearrange from a less stable isomer to a more stable isomer. This rearrangement can be achieved by either a hydride shift, where a hydrogen atom migrates from one ...Whenever possible, carbocations will rearrange from a less stable isomer to a more stable isomer. This rearrangement can be achieved by either a hydride shift, where a hydrogen atom migrates from one carbon atom to the next, taking a pair of electrons with it; or an alkyl shift, in which an alkyl group undergoes a similar migration, again taking a bonding pair of electrons with it. These migrations usually occur between neighboring carbon atoms.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Alma_College/Organic_Chemistry_I_(Alma_College)/01%3A_Structure_and_Bonding/1.07%3A_sp_Hybrid_Orbitals_and_the_Structure_of_MethaneThe four identical C-H single bonds in methane form as the result of sigma bond overlap between the sp3 hybrid orbitals of carbon and the s orbital of each hydrogen.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Alma_College/Organic_Chemistry_I_(Alma_College)/04%3A_Organic_Compounds_-_Cycloalkanes_and_their_Stereochemistry/4.09%3A_Conformations_of_Polycyclic_MoleculesPolycyclic molecules are common and important in nature. Biologically important polycyclic molecules are found in cholesterol, sex hormones, birth control pills, cortisone, and anabolic steroids
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_I_(Morsch_et_al.)/05%3A_Stereochemistry_at_Tetrahedral_Centers/5.07%3A_Meso_CompoundsA meso compound is an achiral compound that has chiral centers. A meso compound contains an internal plane of symmetry which makes it superimposable on its mirror image and is optically inactive altho...A meso compound is an achiral compound that has chiral centers. A meso compound contains an internal plane of symmetry which makes it superimposable on its mirror image and is optically inactive although it contains two or more stereocenters. Remember, an internal plane of symmetry was shown to make a molecule achiral.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(Morsch_et_al.)/01%3A_Structure_and_Bonding/1.06%3A_sp_Hybrid_Orbitals_and_the_Structure_of_MethaneThe text explains the structure of methane (CH4) using the concept of sp3 hybridization of the central carbon atom. Methane exhibits a tetrahedral shape with an H-C-H bond angle of 109.5??. Valence bo...The text explains the structure of methane (CH4) using the concept of sp3 hybridization of the central carbon atom. Methane exhibits a tetrahedral shape with an H-C-H bond angle of 109.5??. Valence bond theory and Linus Pauling's hybridization model are highlighted to explain how carbon's 2s and 2p orbitals combine to form four equivalent sp3 orbitals. These hybrid orbitals allow the formation of four identical C-H sigma (??) bonds, accounting for methane's observed structure and bond properties
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(Morsch_et_al.)/05%3A_Stereochemistry_at_Tetrahedral_Centers/5.07%3A_Meso_CompoundsA meso compound is an achiral compound that has chiral centers. A meso compound contains an internal plane of symmetry which makes it superimposable on its mirror image and is optically inactive altho...A meso compound is an achiral compound that has chiral centers. A meso compound contains an internal plane of symmetry which makes it superimposable on its mirror image and is optically inactive although it contains two or more stereocenters. Remember, an internal plane of symmetry was shown to make a molecule achiral.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Smith_College/Organic_Chemistry_(LibreTexts)/07%3A_Alkenes-_Structure_and_Reactivity/7.13%3A_Evidence_for_the_Mechanism_of_Electrophilic_Additions_-_Carbocation_RearrangementsWhenever possible, carbocations will rearrange from a less stable isomer to a more stable isomer. This rearrangement can be achieved by either a hydride shift, where a hydrogen atom migrates from one ...Whenever possible, carbocations will rearrange from a less stable isomer to a more stable isomer. This rearrangement can be achieved by either a hydride shift, where a hydrogen atom migrates from one carbon atom to the next, taking a pair of electrons with it; or an alkyl shift, in which an alkyl group undergoes a similar migration, again taking a bonding pair of electrons with it. These migrations usually occur between neighboring carbon atoms.
