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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Oregon_Institute_of_Technology/OIT%3A_CHE_333_-_Organic_Chemistry_III_(Lund)/New_Page/3%3A_Conformations_and_Stereochemistry/3.2%3A_Conformations_of_cyclic_organic_moleculesBrowse through a biochemistry textbook and you will see any number of molecules with cyclic structures. Many of these cyclic structures are aromatic, and therefore planar. Many others, though, are com...Browse through a biochemistry textbook and you will see any number of molecules with cyclic structures. Many of these cyclic structures are aromatic, and therefore planar. Many others, though, are composed of sp3-hybridized atoms, and it is these cyclic structures that are the topic of discussion in this section.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/can/CHEM_231%3A_Organic_Chemistry_I_Textbook/04%3A_Organic_Compounds_-_Cycloalkanes_and_their_Stereochemistry/4.05%3A_Stability_of_Cycloalkanes_-_Ring_StrainSmall cycloalkanes, like cyclopropane, are dramatically less stable than larger cycloalkanes due to ring strain. Ring strain is caused by increased torsional strain, steric strain, and angle strain, ...Small cycloalkanes, like cyclopropane, are dramatically less stable than larger cycloalkanes due to ring strain. Ring strain is caused by increased torsional strain, steric strain, and angle strain, in the small, nearly planar ring of cyclopropane. Larger rings like cyclohexane, have much lower ring straing because they adopt non-planar conformations.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Oregon_Institute_of_Technology/OIT%3A_CHE_332_--_Organic_Chemistry_II_(Lund)/1%3A_Fall_term_review_sections/3%3A_Conformations_and_Stereochemistry/3.2%3A_Conformations_of_cyclic_organic_moleculesBrowse through a biochemistry textbook and you will see any number of molecules with cyclic structures. Many of these cyclic structures are aromatic, and therefore planar. Many others, though, are com...Browse through a biochemistry textbook and you will see any number of molecules with cyclic structures. Many of these cyclic structures are aromatic, and therefore planar. Many others, though, are composed of sp3-hybridized atoms, and it is these cyclic structures that are the topic of discussion in this section.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Oregon_Institute_of_Technology/OIT_(Lund)%3A_Organic_Chemistry_with_a_Biological_Emphasis_(Soderberg)/03%3A_Conformations_and_Stereochemistry/3.02%3A_Conformations_of_cyclic_organic_moleculesBrowse through a biochemistry textbook and you will see any number of molecules with cyclic structures. Many of these cyclic structures are aromatic, and therefore planar. Many others, though, are com...Browse through a biochemistry textbook and you will see any number of molecules with cyclic structures. Many of these cyclic structures are aromatic, and therefore planar. Many others, though, are composed of sp3-hybridized atoms, and it is these cyclic structures that are the topic of discussion in this section.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Reference/Organic_Chemistry_Glossary/Angle_StrainAngle strain is the increase in potential energy of a molecule due to bond angles deviating from the ideal values.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Smith_College/CHM_222_Chemistry_II%3A_Organic_Chemistry_(2025)/04%3A_Organic_Compounds_-_Cycloalkanes_and_their_Stereochemistry/4.04%3A_Stability_of_Cycloalkanes_-_Ring_StrainSmall cycloalkanes, like cyclopropane, are dramatically less stable than larger cycloalkanes due to ring strain. Ring strain is caused by increased torsional strain, steric strain, and angle strain, ...Small cycloalkanes, like cyclopropane, are dramatically less stable than larger cycloalkanes due to ring strain. Ring strain is caused by increased torsional strain, steric strain, and angle strain, in the small, nearly planar ring of cyclopropane. Larger rings like cyclohexane, have much lower ring straing because they adopt non-planar conformations.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(Morsch_et_al.)/04%3A_Organic_Compounds_-_Cycloalkanes_and_their_Stereochemistry/4.03%3A_Stability_of_Cycloalkanes_-_Ring_StrainSmall cycloalkanes, like cyclopropane, are dramatically less stable than larger cycloalkanes due to ring strain. Ring strain is caused by increased torsional strain, steric strain, and angle strain, ...Small cycloalkanes, like cyclopropane, are dramatically less stable than larger cycloalkanes due to ring strain. Ring strain is caused by increased torsional strain, steric strain, and angle strain, in the small, nearly planar ring of cyclopropane. Larger rings like cyclohexane, have much lower ring straing because they adopt non-planar conformations.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Oneonta/Organic_Chemistry_with_a_Biological_Emphasis_(SUNY_Oneonta)/03%3A_Conformations_and_Stereochemistry/3.03%3A_Conformations_of_cyclic_organic_moleculesBrowse through a biochemistry textbook and you will see any number of molecules with cyclic structures. Many of these cyclic structures are aromatic, and therefore planar. Many others, though, are com...Browse through a biochemistry textbook and you will see any number of molecules with cyclic structures. Many of these cyclic structures are aromatic, and therefore planar. Many others, though, are composed of sp3-hybridized atoms, and it is these cyclic structures that are the topic of discussion in this section.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Oregon_Institute_of_Technology/OIT%3A_CHE_331_-_Organic_Chemistry_(Lund)/04%3A_Conformations_and_Stereochemistry/4.02%3A_Conformations_of_cyclic_organic_moleculesBrowse through a biochemistry textbook and you will see any number of molecules with cyclic structures. Many of these cyclic structures are aromatic, and therefore planar. Many others, though, are com...Browse through a biochemistry textbook and you will see any number of molecules with cyclic structures. Many of these cyclic structures are aromatic, and therefore planar. Many others, though, are composed of sp3-hybridized atoms, and it is these cyclic structures that are the topic of discussion in this section.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Providence_College/Organic_Chemistry_I/04%3A_Rings/4.04%3A_Other_Ring_ConformationsCyclohexane is the most stable of all ring because each carbon atom has the ideal 109.5° bond angles for each tetrahedral atom. We know from our discussion of A-strain that substituents like to be equ...Cyclohexane is the most stable of all ring because each carbon atom has the ideal 109.5° bond angles for each tetrahedral atom. We know from our discussion of A-strain that substituents like to be equatorial, so the β-D-glucose form that contains more equatorial substituents will be more stable, shifting the equilibrium to the right. In the case of β-D-fructose, the equilibrium will favor the envelope in which only two substituents are pseudoaxial.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_I_(Morsch_et_al.)/04%3A_Organic_Compounds_-_Cycloalkanes_and_their_Stereochemistry/4.03%3A_Stability_of_Cycloalkanes_-_Ring_StrainSmall cycloalkanes, like cyclopropane, are dramatically less stable than larger cycloalkanes due to ring strain. Ring strain is caused by increased torsional strain, steric strain, and angle strain, ...Small cycloalkanes, like cyclopropane, are dramatically less stable than larger cycloalkanes due to ring strain. Ring strain is caused by increased torsional strain, steric strain, and angle strain, in the small, nearly planar ring of cyclopropane. Larger rings like cyclohexane, have much lower ring straing because they adopt non-planar conformations.
