The basic components of an instrument are a probe that interacts with the sample, an input transducer that converts the sample's chemical and/or physical properties into an electrical signal, a signal...The basic components of an instrument are a probe that interacts with the sample, an input transducer that converts the sample's chemical and/or physical properties into an electrical signal, a signal processor that converts the electrical signal into a form we can understand. Information is encoded in two broad ways: as electrical information and as information in other, non-electrical forms. In this section we will consider how we can measure electrical signals.
