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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Descriptive_Chemistry/Elements_Organized_by_Block/4_f-Block_Elements/The_Actinides/1General_Properties_and_Reactions_of_The_ActinidesThe Actinide series contains elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 and is in the sixth period and the third group of the periodic table. The series is the row below the Lanthanide series, which is lo...The Actinide series contains elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 and is in the sixth period and the third group of the periodic table. The series is the row below the Lanthanide series, which is located underneath the main body of the periodic table. Lanthanide and Actinide Series are both referred to as Rare Earth Metals. These elements all have a high diversity in oxidation numbers and all are radioactive.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Instrumental_Analysis_(LibreTexts)/32%3A_Radiochemical_Methods/32.02%3A_InstrumentationAlpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, and X-rays are measured by using the particle’s energy to produce an amplified pulse of electrical current in a detector. These pulses are counted to give ...Alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, and X-rays are measured by using the particle’s energy to produce an amplified pulse of electrical current in a detector. These pulses are counted to give the rate of disintegration. There are three common types of detectors: gas-filled detectors, scintillation counters, and semiconductor detectors.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Sandboxes/khaas/Inorganic_Chemistry_II_(CHEM4210)/08%3A_Lanthanide_and_Actinide/8.02%3A_The_Actinides/8.2.01%3A_General_Properties_and_Reactions_of_The_ActinidesThe Actinide series contains elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 and is in the sixth period and the third group of the periodic table. The series is the row below the Lanthanide series, which is lo...The Actinide series contains elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 and is in the sixth period and the third group of the periodic table. The series is the row below the Lanthanide series, which is located underneath the main body of the periodic table. Lanthanide and Actinide Series are both referred to as Rare Earth Metals. These elements all have a high diversity in oxidation numbers and all are radioactive.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Tennessee_State_University/CHEM_4210%3A_Inorganic_Chem_II_(Siddiquee)/08%3A_Lanthanides_and_Actinides/8.02%3A_The_Actinides/8.2.01%3A_General_Properties_and_Reactions_of_The_ActinidesThe Actinide series contains elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 and is in the sixth period and the third group of the periodic table. The series is the row below the Lanthanide series, which is lo...The Actinide series contains elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 and is in the sixth period and the third group of the periodic table. The series is the row below the Lanthanide series, which is located underneath the main body of the periodic table. Lanthanide and Actinide Series are both referred to as Rare Earth Metals. These elements all have a high diversity in oxidation numbers and all are radioactive.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Book%3A_Introductory_Chemistry_Online_(Young)/11%3A_Nuclear_Chemistry/11.S%3A_Nuclear_Chemistry_(Summary)When an element ejects an alpha particle, the identity of the element changes to the element with an atomic number that is two less than the original element. The amount of an original element remaini...When an element ejects an alpha particle, the identity of the element changes to the element with an atomic number that is two less than the original element. The amount of an original element remaining after n half-lives can be calculated using the equation: R=I(12)n where I represents the initial mass of the element and R represents the mass remaining.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Analytical_Chemistry_2.1_(Harvey)/13%3A_Kinetic_Methods/13.03%3A_RadiochemistryThis page explains the concept of isotopes, which are elements with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, and their applications in radioactive decay analysis. It describes the...This page explains the concept of isotopes, which are elements with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, and their applications in radioactive decay analysis. It describes the types of radioactive decay particles (alpha, beta, gamma rays, and X-rays) and the role of isotopes in identifying nuclear stability. It also covers the mathematical models for radioactive decay, including first-order kinetics and half-life calculations.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/04%3A_Atomic_Structure/4.14%3A_Gold_Foil_ExperimentThis page discusses Rutherford's 1911 gold foil experiment, which challenged the prevailing atomic model by demonstrating that some alpha particles were significantly deflected. This led to the propos...This page discusses Rutherford's 1911 gold foil experiment, which challenged the prevailing atomic model by demonstrating that some alpha particles were significantly deflected. This led to the proposal of a nuclear model of the atom, with a dense, positively charged nucleus made up of protons and neutrons, and electrons surrounding it in a cloud, highlighting that most of the atom is empty space. This was a pivotal advancement in atomic theory.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/24%3A_Nuclear_Chemistry/24.09%3A_Penetrating_Ability_of_EmissionsThis page explains the use of designated containers, called "pigs," for storing radioisotopes in medical treatments, emphasizing lead’s role in blocking radiation. It details the varying penetration l...This page explains the use of designated containers, called "pigs," for storing radioisotopes in medical treatments, emphasizing lead’s role in blocking radiation. It details the varying penetration levels of alpha, beta, and gamma particles, with alpha being the least penetrative. It highlights that high-density materials like lead provide better protection against gamma radiation than low-density materials and that shielding effectiveness relies on thickness.
