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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/06%3A_The_Periodic_Table/6.10%3A_Alkaline_Earth_MetalsThis page discusses the structural role of calcium compounds in oyster shells and bones, highlights the properties of alkaline earth metals in Group 2, and notes their lower reactivity compared to Gro...This page discusses the structural role of calcium compounds in oyster shells and bones, highlights the properties of alkaline earth metals in Group 2, and notes their lower reactivity compared to Group 1 elements. It outlines their uses, such as magnesium in fireworks, calcium in cement, and strontium in fireworks. Additionally, the page mentions radium as a radioactive and unstable alkaline earth metal that shares characteristics with barium.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/General_Chemistry_Supplement_(Eames)/Chemistry_Basics/Meet_the_Periodic_TableNotice how metals are on the left and bottom of the periodic table, while non-metals are on the right and top. Some elements are called metalloids because they are in between metals and non-metals, an...Notice how metals are on the left and bottom of the periodic table, while non-metals are on the right and top. Some elements are called metalloids because they are in between metals and non-metals, and you can see that the metalloids are also in between the metals and non-metals in the periodic table. The most reactive elements are on the edges of the table (groups 1 and 17), and the most reactive non-metals are O and F, in the top right corner.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Descriptive_Chemistry/Main_Group_Reactions/Reactions_of_Main_Group_Elements_with_HalogensThis section describes the chemistry of halogens with the main group elements such as the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and Groups 13 and 14. The word halogen itself means "salt former" in Gre...This section describes the chemistry of halogens with the main group elements such as the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and Groups 13 and 14. The word halogen itself means "salt former" in Greek. Halogens such as chlorine, bromine and iodine have properties that enable them to react with other elements to form important salts such as sodium chloride, also known as table salt.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Descriptive_Chemistry/Main_Group_Reactions/Compounds/CarbonatesCarbonate is a polyatomic anion with the formula \(CO_3^{2-}\) and has a trigonal planar molecular structure which consists of a carbon atom surrounded by three oxygen atoms. One of the most significa...Carbonate is a polyatomic anion with the formula \(CO_3^{2-}\) and has a trigonal planar molecular structure which consists of a carbon atom surrounded by three oxygen atoms. One of the most significant group 2 carbonates is calcium carbonate, which is the chief constituent of limestone. Bicarbonates are used in the lab to prevent injury or damage from use of strong acids; for instance, by laying out bicarbonate powder in areas of potential acid leakage, accidental spills get neutralized.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Chemistry_of_the_Main_Group_Elements_(Barron)/04%3A_Group_2_-_The_Alkaline_Earth_Metals/4.01%3A_The_Alkaline_Earth_ElementsIn 1910, radium was isolated as a pure metal by Curie and André-Louis Debierne (Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\).12) through the electrolysis of a radium chloride solution by using a mercury cathode and disti...In 1910, radium was isolated as a pure metal by Curie and André-Louis Debierne (Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\).12) through the electrolysis of a radium chloride solution by using a mercury cathode and distilling in an atmosphere of hydrogen gas. The chemistry of the Group 2 elements is dominated by the +2 oxidation state and the noble gas configuration of the M 2+ cation.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Descriptive_Chemistry/Main_Group_Reactions/Reactions_of_Main_Group_Elements_with_CarbonatesCarbonates ions are formed by the reaction of carbonic acid with metals or organic compounds. In this case, the reaction of carbonates with the main group elements and its products, salts, is explaine...Carbonates ions are formed by the reaction of carbonic acid with metals or organic compounds. In this case, the reaction of carbonates with the main group elements and its products, salts, is explained.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/22%3A_Oxidation-Reduction_Reactions/22.06%3A_Assigning_Oxidation_NumbersThis page discusses oxidation numbers, detailing their historical background, including contributions from Lavoisier and Latimer. It outlines six rules for assigning oxidation numbers, such as that fr...This page discusses oxidation numbers, detailing their historical background, including contributions from Lavoisier and Latimer. It outlines six rules for assigning oxidation numbers, such as that free elements have an oxidation number of zero and specific rules for hydrogen, oxygen, and halogens. Examples are included to illustrate the determination of oxidation numbers in compounds, highlighting that different elements can exhibit multiple oxidation states.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Descriptive_Chemistry/Main_Group_Reactions/Reactions_of_Main_Group_Elements_with_NitrogenWithin this module will be the primary discussion about the chemistry of nitrogen and its ability and inability of forming reactions with certain main group elements. Although nitrogen is considered a...Within this module will be the primary discussion about the chemistry of nitrogen and its ability and inability of forming reactions with certain main group elements. Although nitrogen is considered a relatively inert element, it is fully capable of creating some very active compounds.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/General_Chemistry_Supplement_(Eames)/Chemistry_Basics/Electricity_and_ElectrochemistryFaraday was born to a poor family, and discovered chemistry when working in a book-making shop, where we worked on Jane Marcet's Conversations on Chemistry (one of the most popular textbooks at the ti...Faraday was born to a poor family, and discovered chemistry when working in a book-making shop, where we worked on Jane Marcet's Conversations on Chemistry (one of the most popular textbooks at the time, it is surprising that it was written by a woman). Faraday called the O, Cl and I anions, meaning that they were produced at the positive pole, and Sn and Pb cations, meaning that they were produced at the negative pole.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/General_Chemistry_Supplement_(Eames)/Chemistry_Basics/NomenclatureThese include toxic cyanide ion, CN – , common hydroxide ion, OH – , and peroxide ion, O 2 2 – . Other important anions include acetate ion (C 2 H 3 O 2 – ), which is in vinegar, the chlorate ion (ClO...These include toxic cyanide ion, CN – , common hydroxide ion, OH – , and peroxide ion, O 2 2 – . Other important anions include acetate ion (C 2 H 3 O 2 – ), which is in vinegar, the chlorate ion (ClO 3 – ), the perchlorate ion (ClO 4 – ) which is often explosive, the nitrate ion (NO 3 – ), the carbonate ion (CO 3 2 – ) found in shells, the sulfate ion (SO 4 2 – ), and the phosphate ion (PO 4 3 – ).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Inorganic_Chemistry_(LibreTexts)/06%3A_Acid-Base_and_Donor-Acceptor_Chemistry/6.03%3A_Brnsted-Lowry_Concept/6.3.03%3A_The_acid-base_behavior_of_binary_element_hydrides_is_determined_primarily_by_the_element's_electronegativity_and_secondarily_by_the_element-hydrogen_bond_strength.Binary hydrides are compounds formed between elements and hydrogen, acting as Br??nsted acids or bases depending on their position in the periodic table. Electronegativity and bond strength influence ...Binary hydrides are compounds formed between elements and hydrogen, acting as Br??nsted acids or bases depending on their position in the periodic table. Electronegativity and bond strength influence the acidity, with acidic hydrides more common among nonmetals. Hydrides of electropositive metals like NaH and CaH2 act as bases. Acidity increases across a period due to increased electronegativity and polarization, and down a group due to weaker bonds.
