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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Lakehead_University/Analytical_I/8%3A_Titrimetric_Methods/8.2%3A_Acid%E2%80%93Base_TitrationsAcid–base titrations, in which an acidic or basic titrant reacts with a titrand that is a base or an acid, is probably the most common titration used by students in laboratories. To understand the rel...Acid–base titrations, in which an acidic or basic titrant reacts with a titrand that is a base or an acid, is probably the most common titration used by students in laboratories. To understand the relationship between an acid–base titration’s end point and its equivalence point we must know how the pH changes during a titration. We will learn how to calculate a titration curve using the equilibrium calculations from Chapter 6.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Instrumental_Analysis_(LibreTexts)/18%3A_Raman_Spectroscopy/18.04%3A_Other_Types_of_Raman_SpectroscopyTraditional Raman spectroscopy has several limitations, perhaps the most important of which is that the probability of Raman scattering is much less than that for Rayleigh scattering, which leads to l...Traditional Raman spectroscopy has several limitations, perhaps the most important of which is that the probability of Raman scattering is much less than that for Rayleigh scattering, which leads to low sensitivity with detection limits often as large as 0.1 M. Here we briefly describe two forms of Raman spectroscopy that allow for significant improvements in detection limits.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Los_Angeles_Trade_Technical_College/Analytical_Chemistry/2%3A_Analytical_Chemistry_2.0_(Harvey)/04%3A_The_Vocabulary_of_Analytical_Chemistry/4.4%3A_Selecting_an_Analytical_MethodA method is the application of a technique to a specific analyte in a specific matrix. We can develop an analytical method for determining the concentration of lead in drinking water using any of the ...A method is the application of a technique to a specific analyte in a specific matrix. We can develop an analytical method for determining the concentration of lead in drinking water using any of the techniques mentioned in the previous section. The requirements of the analysis determine the best method and consideration is given the following criteria: accuracy, precision, sensitivity, selectivity, robustness, ruggedness, scale of operation, analysis time, availability of equipment, and cost.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Instrumental_Analysis_(LibreTexts)/07%3A_Components_of_Optical_Instruments/7.05%3A_Radiation_TransducersTransducer is a general term that refers to any device that converts a chemical or a physical property into an easily measured electrical signal. The retina in your eye, for example, is a transducer t...Transducer is a general term that refers to any device that converts a chemical or a physical property into an easily measured electrical signal. The retina in your eye, for example, is a transducer that converts photons into an electrical nerve impulse; your eardrum is a transducer that converts sound waves into a different electrical nerve impulse. A photon transducer takes a photon and converts it into an electrical signal, such as a current, a change in resistance, or a voltage.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Analytical_Chemistry_2.1_(Harvey)/12%3A_Chromatographic_and_Electrophoretic_Methods/12.04%3A_Gas_ChromatographyGas chromatography (GC) is a technique in which a sample, either gas or liquid, is injected into a mobile phase, usually a chemically inert gas like He, Ar, or N2, which carries it through a column. I...Gas chromatography (GC) is a technique in which a sample, either gas or liquid, is injected into a mobile phase, usually a chemically inert gas like He, Ar, or N2, which carries it through a column. In a packed column, larger samples can be handled, whereas capillary columns allow separation of more complex mixtures. Elution order in gas-liquid chromatography depends on solutes' boiling points and interactions with the stationary phase.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Analytical_Chemistry_2.1_(Harvey)/03%3A__The_Vocabulary_of_Analytical_Chemistry/3.10%3A_Chapter_Summary_and_Key_TermsThe chapter emphasizes the importance of mastering the vocabulary specific to analytical chemistry, differentiating terms such as analyte, matrix, technique, method, procedure, and protocol. It discus...The chapter emphasizes the importance of mastering the vocabulary specific to analytical chemistry, differentiating terms such as analyte, matrix, technique, method, procedure, and protocol. It discusses key criteria for selecting analytical methods, including accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and more, highlighting the need to balance these interdependent factors.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Instrumental_Analysis_(LibreTexts)/15%3A_Molecular_Luminescence/15.05%3A_Evaluation_of_Molecular_LuminescenceA summary of the strengths and limitations of molecular luminescence.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Lakehead_University/Analytical_I/5%3A_Standardizing_Analytical_Methods/5.3%3A_Determining_the_SensitivityTo standardize an analytical method we also must determine the value of k_A . In principle, it should be possible to derive the value of k_A for any analytical method by considering the chemi...To standardize an analytical method we also must determine the value of k_A . In principle, it should be possible to derive the value of k_A for any analytical method by considering the chemical and physical processes generating the signal. Unfortunately, such calculations are not feasible when we lack a sufficiently developed theoretical model of the physical processes, or are not useful because of nonideal chemical behavior.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Los_Angeles_Trade_Technical_College/Analytical_Chemistry/2%3A_Analytical_Chemistry_2.0_(Harvey)/09%3A_Gravimetric_Methods/9.2%3A_Precipitation_GravimetryIn precipitation gravimetry an insoluble compound forms when we add a precipitating reagent, or precipitant, to a solution containing our analyte. In most methods the precipitate is the product of a s...In precipitation gravimetry an insoluble compound forms when we add a precipitating reagent, or precipitant, to a solution containing our analyte. In most methods the precipitate is the product of a simple metathesis reaction between the analyte and the precipitant; however, any reaction generating a precipitate can potentially serve as a gravimetric method.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Analytical_Chemistry_2.1_(Harvey)/10%3A_Spectroscopic_Methods/10.06%3A_Photoluminescent_SpectroscopyThis page provides an in-depth explanation of photoluminescence, dividing it into two categories: fluorescence and phosphorescence. It describes the processes, mechanisms, and factors influencing both...This page provides an in-depth explanation of photoluminescence, dividing it into two categories: fluorescence and phosphorescence. It describes the processes, mechanisms, and factors influencing both types, including radiative and non-radiative deactivation pathways. The page discusses the technological advancements in fluorescence and phosphorescence spectroscopy, related instrumentation, and depicts their quantitative applications for analyzing inorganic and organic analytes.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Analytical_Chemistry_2.1_(Harvey)/01%3A_Introduction_to_Analytical_Chemistry/1.02%3A_The_Analytical_PerspectiveHaving noted that each area of chemistry brings a unique perspective to the study of chemistry, let???s ask a second deceptively simple question: What is the analytical perspective? Many analytical ch...Having noted that each area of chemistry brings a unique perspective to the study of chemistry, let???s ask a second deceptively simple question: What is the analytical perspective? Many analytical chemists describe this perspective as an analytical approach to solving problems.
