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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Oneonta/Chem_322_Lecture_Content/01%3A_Phosphate_Transfer_Reactions/1.08%3A_Phosphate_Diesters_in_DNA_and_RNAPhosphate diesters play an absolutely critical role in nature - they are the molecular 'tape' that connect the individual nucleotides in DNA and RNA via a sugar-phosphate backbone.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Smith_College/Organic_Chemistry_(LibreTexts)/28%3A_Biomolecules_-_Nucleic_Acids/28.01%3A_Nucleotides_and_Nucleic_AcidsNucleosides are formed by a bond between the anomeric C1′ of the pentose sugar and N1 position of the pyrimidine base or the N9 position of the purine base. In writing nucleotide sequences for nucleic...Nucleosides are formed by a bond between the anomeric C1′ of the pentose sugar and N1 position of the pyrimidine base or the N9 position of the purine base. In writing nucleotide sequences for nucleic acids, the convention is to write the nucleotides (usually using the one-letter abbreviations for the bases, shown in Figure 28.1.4) starting with the nucleotide having a free phosphate group, which is known as the 5′ end, and indicate the nucleotides in order.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Martin_Luther_College/Organic_Chemistry_-_MLC/05%3A_Biomolecules/5.04%3A_Biomolecules_-_Nucleic_Acids/5.4.01%3A_Nucleotides_and_Nucleic_AcidsNucleosides are formed by a bond between the anomeric C1′ of the pentose sugar and N1 position of the pyrimidine base or the N9 position of the purine base. In writing nucleotide sequences for nucleic...Nucleosides are formed by a bond between the anomeric C1′ of the pentose sugar and N1 position of the pyrimidine base or the N9 position of the purine base. In writing nucleotide sequences for nucleic acids, the convention is to write the nucleotides (usually using the one-letter abbreviations for the bases, shown in Figure 28.1.4) starting with the nucleotide having a free phosphate group, which is known as the 5′ end, and indicate the nucleotides in order.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Oregon_Institute_of_Technology/OIT%3A_CHE_331_-_Organic_Chemistry_(Lund)/10%3A_Introduction_to_Biomolecules/10.03%3A_Introduction_to_nucleic_acid_(DNA_and_RNA)_structureIn a DNA nucleototide, the sugar is missing the hydroxyl group at the 2' position, and the thymine base (T) is used instead of uracil. The conventional numbering system used for DNA and RNA is shown h...In a DNA nucleototide, the sugar is missing the hydroxyl group at the 2' position, and the thymine base (T) is used instead of uracil. The conventional numbering system used for DNA and RNA is shown here for reference - the prime (') symbol is used to distinguish the sugar carbon numbers from the base carbon numbers. The two 'hooks' on the RNA or DNA monomer are the 5' phosphate and the 3' hydroxyl on the sugar, which in DNA polymer synthesis are linked by a 'phosphate diester' group.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Interactive_Chemistry_(Moore_Zhou_and_Garand)/02%3A_Unit_Two/2.08%3A_Day_16-_DNA_and_LipidsA DNA strand has a free phosphate group at one end (called the 5′ end because the phosphate is attached to the carbon-5 position in the ribose) and a free hydroxyl (-OH) group at the other end (called...A DNA strand has a free phosphate group at one end (called the 5′ end because the phosphate is attached to the carbon-5 position in the ribose) and a free hydroxyl (-OH) group at the other end (called the 3′ end because the hydroxyl is attached to the carbon-3 position in the ribose). One of the most remarkable things about DNA is that the quantity of adenine always equals the quantity of thymine and the quantity of guanine always equals the quantity of cytosine.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_California_Irvine/UCI%3A_General_Chemistry_1A_(OpenChem)/113Hydrogen_Bonding_-_Importance_(OpenChem)
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Oneonta/Chem_221%3A_Organic_Chemistry_I_(Bennett)/1%3ALecture_Textbook/01%3A_Introduction_to_Organic_Structure_and_Bonding_I/1.04%3A_Structures_of_some_important_biomolecules/1.4.04%3A_Introduction_to_nucleic_acid_(DNA_and_RNA)_structureIn a DNA nucleototide, the sugar is missing the hydroxyl group at the 2' position, and the thymine base (T) is used instead of uracil. The conventional numbering system used for DNA and RNA is shown h...In a DNA nucleototide, the sugar is missing the hydroxyl group at the 2' position, and the thymine base (T) is used instead of uracil. The conventional numbering system used for DNA and RNA is shown here for reference - the prime (') symbol is used to distinguish the sugar carbon numbers from the base carbon numbers. The two 'hooks' on the RNA or DNA monomer are the 5' phosphate and the 3' hydroxyl on the sugar, which in DNA polymer synthesis are linked by a 'phosphate diester' group.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/Chemistry_LHS_Bridge/11%3A_Introduction_to_Organic_Structure_and_Bonding_I/11.04%3A_Structures_of_some_important_biomolecules/11.4.04%3A_Introduction_to_nucleic_acid_(DNA_and_RNA)_structureIn a DNA nucleototide, the sugar is missing the hydroxyl group at the 2' position, and the thymine base (T) is used instead of uracil. The conventional numbering system used for DNA and RNA is shown h...In a DNA nucleototide, the sugar is missing the hydroxyl group at the 2' position, and the thymine base (T) is used instead of uracil. The conventional numbering system used for DNA and RNA is shown here for reference - the prime (') symbol is used to distinguish the sugar carbon numbers from the base carbon numbers. The two 'hooks' on the RNA or DNA monomer are the 5' phosphate and the 3' hydroxyl on the sugar, which in DNA polymer synthesis are linked by a 'phosphate diester' group.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(Morsch_et_al.)/28%3A_Biomolecules_-_Nucleic_Acids/28.01%3A_Nucleotides_and_Nucleic_AcidsThe Learning Objective of this Module is to identify the different molecules that combine to form nucleotides.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/26%3A_Biochemistry/26.12%3A_DNA_and_RNAThis page discusses Linus Pauling, a notable twentieth-century scientist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and Peace. Despite proposing an incorrect DNA model in the 1950s, he remained respected in...This page discusses Linus Pauling, a notable twentieth-century scientist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and Peace. Despite proposing an incorrect DNA model in the 1950s, he remained respected in the scientific community. It explains the composition of DNA and RNA, noting their nucleotide differences, and highlights the correct double helix structure discovered by Watson and Crick in 1953.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/04%3A_Atomic_Structure/4.16%3A_Atomic_NumberThis page explores individuality through identifiers such as cell phone numbers and DNA, then shifts to atomic theory, explaining how atomic numbers define elements based on proton counts. It emphasiz...This page explores individuality through identifiers such as cell phone numbers and DNA, then shifts to atomic theory, explaining how atomic numbers define elements based on proton counts. It emphasizes the organization of the periodic table for predicting element properties and notes that atoms are neutral, with equal numbers of protons and electrons, underscoring the foundational aspect of atomic structure.
