If at least one species in a titration absorbs electromagnetic radiation, then we can identify the end point by monitoring the titrand’s absorbance at a carefully selected wavelength.
In potentiometry, the potential of the indicator electrode is proportional to the analyte’s activity. Two classes of indicator electrodes are used to make potentiometric measurements: metallic electro...In potentiometry, the potential of the indicator electrode is proportional to the analyte’s activity. Two classes of indicator electrodes are used to make potentiometric measurements: metallic electrodes, which are the subject of this section, and ion-selective electrodes, which are covered in the next section.