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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Roosevelt_University/General_Organic_and_Biochemistry_with_Problems_Case_Studies_and_Activities/14%3A_Proteins/14.02%3A_Amino_AcidsProteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules. Proteins may be structural, regulatory, contractile, or pr...Proteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules. Proteins may be structural, regulatory, contractile, or protective; they may serve in transport, storage, or membranes; or they may be toxins or enzymes. Each cell in a living system may contain thousands of proteins, each with a unique function. Their structures, like their functions, vary greatly.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Chemistry_for_Allied_Health_(Soult)/13%3A_Amino_Acids_and_ProteinsAmino acids are molecules containing an amine group(NH2), a carboxylic acid group(R-C=O-OH) and a side-chain( usually denoted as R) that varies between different amino acids. They are particularly imp...Amino acids are molecules containing an amine group(NH2), a carboxylic acid group(R-C=O-OH) and a side-chain( usually denoted as R) that varies between different amino acids. They are particularly important in biochemistry, where the term usually refers to alpha-amino acids. Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form in a biologically functional way.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/Pick_Your_Poison%3A_Introduction_to_Materials_Toxicology/28%3A_Levels_of_Organization/28.02%3A_The_Chemical_Level_of_Organization/28.2.06%3A_Organic_Compounds_Essential_to_Human_FunctioningFigure \PageIndex9: The Shape of Proteins (a) The primary structure is the sequence of amino acids that make up the polypeptide chain. (b) The secondary structure, which can take the form of an ...Figure \PageIndex9: The Shape of Proteins (a) The primary structure is the sequence of amino acids that make up the polypeptide chain. (b) The secondary structure, which can take the form of an alpha-helix or a beta-pleated sheet, is maintained by hydrogen bonds between amino acids in different regions of the original polypeptide strand. (c) The tertiary structure occurs as a result of further folding and bonding of the secondary structure. (d) The quaternary structure occurs as a result …
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Kentucky/CHE_103%3A_Chemistry_for_Allied_Health_(Soult)/13%3A_Amino_Acids_and_ProteinsAmino acids are molecules containing an amine group(NH2), a carboxylic acid group(R-C=O-OH) and a side-chain( usually denoted as R) that varies between different amino acids. They are particularly imp...Amino acids are molecules containing an amine group(NH2), a carboxylic acid group(R-C=O-OH) and a side-chain( usually denoted as R) that varies between different amino acids. They are particularly important in biochemistry, where the term usually refers to alpha-amino acids. Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form in a biologically functional way.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/National_Yang_Ming_Chiao_Tung_University/Chemistry_2/06%3A_Organic_and_Biological_Chemistry_Brown/6.08%3A_ProteinsThe proteins in all living species are constructed from the same set of 20 amino acids, so called because each contains an amino group attached to a carboxylic acid. The amino acids in proteins are α-...The proteins in all living species are constructed from the same set of 20 amino acids, so called because each contains an amino group attached to a carboxylic acid. The amino acids in proteins are α-amino acids, which means the amino group is attached to the α-carbon of the carboxylic acid. Humans can synthesize only about half of the needed amino acids; the remainder must be obtained from the diet and are known as essential amino acids.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Roosevelt_University/General_Organic_and_Biochemistry_with_Problems_Case_Studies_and_Activities/14%3A_Proteins/14.03%3A_Primary_Structure-_PeptidesProteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules. Proteins may be structural, regulatory, contractile, or pr...Proteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules. Proteins may be structural, regulatory, contractile, or protective; they may serve in transport, storage, or membranes; or they may be toxins or enzymes. Each cell in a living system may contain thousands of proteins, each with a unique function. Their structures, like their functions, vary greatly.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/ChemPRIME_(Moore_et_al.)/20%3A_Molecules_in_Living_Systems/20.03%3A_The_Building_Blocks_of_BiochemistryFortunately nearly all the substances found in living cells are polymeric—they are built up by different combinations of a limited number of relatively small molecules. For example, the basic structur...Fortunately nearly all the substances found in living cells are polymeric—they are built up by different combinations of a limited number of relatively small molecules. For example, the basic structures of all proteins in all organisms consist of covalently linked chains containing 100 or more amino acid residues. Only 20 different amino acids are commonly incorporated in proteins, but the number of ways of arranging 100 of these in a chain taking any of the amino acids at random for each place
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Westfield_State_University/Chem0103_Chemistry_of_the_Life_Sciences_(Theis)/04%3A_Biochemistry/4.03%3A_Extras/4.3.01%3A_Biological_MoleculesThere are four major classes of biological macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids), and each is an important component of the cell and performs a wide array of functions. C...There are four major classes of biological macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids), and each is an important component of the cell and performs a wide array of functions. Combined, these molecules make up the majority of a cell’s mass. Biological macromolecules are organic, meaning that they contain carbon (with some exceptions, like carbon dioxide).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_North_Texas/UNT%3A_CHEM_1410_-_General_Chemistry_for_Science_Majors_I/Text/08%3A_Properties_of_Organic_Compounds/8.19%3A_Organic_Nitrogen_CompoundsWhile esters are formed from the condensation reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid, amides are formed from the condensation of an amine and a carboxylic acid: A protein has a long series of am...While esters are formed from the condensation reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid, amides are formed from the condensation of an amine and a carboxylic acid: A protein has a long series of amide bonds, as can be seen in the following figure showing the synthesis of a tri-peptide from three amino acids: Rationalize the following boiling points: (a) 0°C for CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ; (b) 11°C for CH 3 CH 2 OCH 3 ; (c) 97°C for CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH; and (d) 170°C for NH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Map%3A_Chemistry_-_The_Central_Science_(Brown_et_al.)/24%3A_Chemistry_of_Life-_Organic_and_Biological_Chemistry/24.09%3A_ProteinsThe proteins in all living species are constructed from the same set of 20 amino acids, so called because each contains an amino group attached to a carboxylic acid. The amino acids in proteins are α-...The proteins in all living species are constructed from the same set of 20 amino acids, so called because each contains an amino group attached to a carboxylic acid. The amino acids in proteins are α-amino acids, which means the amino group is attached to the α-carbon of the carboxylic acid. Humans can synthesize only about half of the needed amino acids; the remainder must be obtained from the diet and are known as essential amino acids.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/ChemPRIME_(Moore_et_al.)/08%3A_Properties_of_Organic_Compounds/8.19%3A_Organic_Nitrogen_CompoundsWhile esters are formed from the condensation reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid, amides are formed from the condensation of an amine and a carboxylic acid: A protein has a long series of am...While esters are formed from the condensation reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid, amides are formed from the condensation of an amine and a carboxylic acid: A protein has a long series of amide bonds, as can be seen in the following figure showing the synthesis of a tri-peptide from three amino acids: Rationalize the following boiling points: (a) 0°C for CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ; (b) 11°C for CH 3 CH 2 OCH 3 ; (c) 97°C for CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH; and (d) 170°C for NH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH.
