2: Chromatography
- Page ID
- 476485
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Learning Objectives
Goals:
- Gain an understanding of the scientific method.
- Design an experiment to test a hypothesis.
- Gain a basic understanding of chromatography.
- Upload images to a Google Worksheet
- Please note the goal of this lab is not to master chromatography but for you to get the feel for chemistry as an experimental science by designing your own experiment and identifying variables that can effect the outcome.
By the end of this lab, students should be able to:
- Submit reports to Google Classroom
- Upload images to a Google Worksheet
Prior knowledge:
-
How to take an image with a cell phone camera and share it
Concurrent knowledge:
-
1A.1.3: Scientific Method
-
1A.3.5: Classification of Matter
-
1A.3.5.2: Separating Homogenous Mixtures
Further reading:
-
Introduction to Chromatography Analytical Sciences Digital Library (Thomas Wenzel)
-
Chromatographic and Electrophoretic Methods (David Harvey)
Safety
- Emergency Preparedness
- Eye protection is mandatory in this lab, and you should not wear shorts or open toed shoes.
- Isopropyl alcohol LCSS
- Ethanol LCSS
- Limonene
- Minimize Risk
- Avoid flames as solvents are highly flammable
- Do not start any work until your procedures are approved by the instructor.
- Recognize Hazards
- You will be designing a procedure to separate two solutes in a solution and need to maintain a clean workspace. You will need to pick two of the three solvents and then see which works the best.
- All waste is placed in the labeled container in the hood and will be recycled when the lab is over. Contact your instructor if the waste container is full, or about full.
Equipment and materials needed
| Filter Paper | Mortar and Pestle | Scissors |
| String | Paper Clips | Tape |
| Paraffin Paper | Glass Jars | Fresh Green Leaves |
| Isopropanol | Limonene | Ethanol |
Note: Contact the instructor if there is something not on the above list, but the supplies in the above list should be enough for you to perform a multitude of experiments.
PreLab
Before lab you need to fill out the Prelab section of the worksheet in Google Classroom on designing your experimental procedures. But first watch the following YouTube Video:
4:23 min YouTube on Leaf Color Chromatography uploaded by Alex Dainis (https://youtu.be/qH-AJDqsSII?si=LxedFyF9vLt1zPZg)
Tips
In designing experiments you need to think of variables that you can control and then develop your procedures that take these into account. Here are some possible factors that may or may not influence the outcome.
- Type of Solvent
- Height of paper
- Is the Jar open or sealed?
- Does the paper touch the side of the jar?
- How deep the paper is in the liquid
- How concentrated the solute is
- How elution time (how long you run the experiment)
Lab
Once your procedures are approved by the instructor you may set up and run your experiment. Take pictures of the setup and the outcome as the experiment proceeds. Each group must run at least two jars, and vary something between the experiments.
PostLab
Go to the Google Classroom and access your Google Doc and fill out the postlab section