9.E: Homework Chapter 9 Answers
- Page ID
- 208574
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Electromagnetic Radiation
1. a) gamma rays
3. Gamma rays < X-rays < Ultraviolet < Visible Light < Infrared < Microwaves < Radio Waves
The Quantum Mechanical Model
5.
Electron Configurations
7. a) Li: 1s22s1
b) N: 1s22s22p3
c) Cl: 1s22s22p63s23p5
d) Ga: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p1
9. a) Xe: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p6
b) Ag: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d9
c) Cs: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p66s1
d) Hg: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p66s24f145d10
11.
a) P:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑ ↑ ↑
3 unpaired electrons
b) K:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑_
1 unpaired electron
c) He:
1s
↑↓
No unpaired electrons
d) Al:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑
1 unpaired electron
13. a) Nb: [Kr] 5s24d3
b) Se: [Ar] 4s23d104p4
c) Ca: [Ar] 4s1
d) Zn: [Ar] 4s23d10
15. Write the noble gas electron configuration for the following elements.
a) In: [Kr] 5s24d105p1
b) Ba: [Xe] 6s2
c) V: [Ar] 4s23d3
d) Y: [Kr] 5s24d1
Valence Electrons
17. a) Cd:
5s
↑↓
No unpaired electrons
b) Na:
3s
↑_
1 unpaired electron
c) I:
5s 5p
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑_
1 unpaired electron
d) Sn:
5s 5p
↑↓ ↑ ↑ __
2 unpaired electrons
Electron Configurations and the Period Table
19. a) 1A: _s1
b) 5A: _s2_p3
c) 6A: _s2_p4
21. a) 8A: _s2_p6
b) 2A: _s2
23. a) Ra: [Rn] 7s2
b) Pd: [Kr] 5s24d8
c) Br: [Ar] 4s23d104p5
d) Po: [Xe] 6s24f145d106p4
25. a) At: [Xe] 6s24f145d106p5
b) Pb: [Xe] 6s24f145d106p2
c) Ba: [Xe] 6s2
d) Ce: [Xe] 6s24f1
27. a) Re: [Xe] 6s24f145d5
b) Al: [Ne] 3s23p1
c) Lr: [Rn] 7s25f14
d) Os: [Xe] 6s24f145d6
29. a) Mg: 2 b) K: 2 c) Na: 1
d) Li: Lithium does not have a 3s orbital shell, therefore there are zero 3s electrons
31. a) Te b) Sr c) Nb d) In
33. a) As b) Ge c) Cu d) K
35. a) No b) C c) Kr d) W
Periodic Trends
37. a) Rb b) Te c) Ge d) Pb
39. a) Y b) K c) Tc d) Cs
41. O < Kr < Be < Sr < K
Cumulative Challenge Problems
43. a) n=1, 2 b) n=2, 8 c) n=3, 18 d) n=4, 32
45. a) Mn2+: [Ar] 3d5
b) Al3+: [He] 2s22p6 or [Ne]
c) I-: [Kr] 5s24d105p6 or [Xe]
d) Li+: [He]
47. P3- ,S2- ,Cl- , K+ , Ca2+