5.E: Homework Chapter 5
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)GENERAL QUESTIONS
1. Metals lose or gain electrons to form what type of ions?
2. Non-metals lose or gain electrons to form what type of ions?
3. Hydrogen is unusual because it can form both positive and negative ions. Write the chemical symbol and name for each of these ions.
CHEMICAL FORMULAS
4. How many Oxygen atoms are in each chemical formula?
a. H3PO4
b. Ca(HCO3)2
c. Ba(C2H3O2)2
d. Sr(OH)2
e. Mg3(PO4)2
5. Determine the total number of each type of atom in each formula.
a. NH4Cl
b. NaCN
c. Ba(HCO3)2
d. Ca(NO2)2
e. MgCl2
6. Give the formula of each molecule.
a. A molecule with a single phosphorus atom and three fluorine atoms.
b. A compound with one carbon atom and one oxygen atom.
c. A molecule with two selenium atoms and two bromine atoms.
7. Which of these formulas represent molecules? State how many atoms are in each molecule.
a. Fe
b. PCl3
c. P4
d. Ar
8. Write the formula for each compound
a. magnesium sulfate, which has 1 magnesium atom, 4 oxygen atoms, and 1 sulfur atom
b. ethylene glycol (antifreeze), which has 6 hydrogen atoms, 2 carbon atoms, and 2 oxygen atoms
c. acetic acid, which has 2 oxygen atoms, 2 carbon atoms, and 4 hydrogen atoms
d. potassium chlorate, which has 1 chlorine atom, 1 potassium atom, and 3 oxygen atoms
e. sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate, which has 1 chlorine atom, 1 sodium atom, 6 oxygen atoms, and 10 hydrogen atoms
9. Complete the table.
Formula |
Number of SO42- Units |
Number of Sulfur Atoms |
Number of Oxygen atoms |
Number of metal atoms |
CaSO4 |
|
|
|
|
Al2(SO4)3 |
|
|
|
|
K2SO4 |
|
|
|
|
10. Write the chemical formula of the compound containing one magnesium atom for every two chlorine atoms.
11. The white light in fireworks displays is produced by burning magnesium in air, which contains oxygen. What compound is formed?
12. How many Hydrogen atoms are in each of the formulas in Question 4?
MOLECULAR VIEW OF ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS
13. Determine whether each compound is ionic or molecular.
a. P2O5
b. MgCl2
c. NaC2H3O2
d. NH3
e. CCl4
14. For each of the following compounds, state whether it is ionic or covalent. If it is ionic, write the symbols for the ions involved:
a. NF3
b. BaO,
c. (NH4)2CO3
d. Sr(H2PO4)2
e. IBr
15. Classify each compound as ionic or molecular.
a. PtO2
b. FeN2
c. SiH4
d. BaSO4
16. Identify each compound as ionic or covalent.
a. Na2O
b. PCl3
c. NH4Cl
d. OF2
17. Which elements have molecules as their basic units?
a. Iron
b. Bromine
c. Oxygen
d. Helium
18. Classify each compound as ionic or molecular.
a. K3PO4
b. SiI4
c. CrPO4
d. N2O4
19. Classify each element as atomic or molecular.
a. Bromine
b. Fluorine
c. Neon
d. Cobalt
20. Provide the classification (i.e. atomic element, molecular element, molecular compound, or ionic compound) of each substance.
a. PCl3
b. LiBr
c. P4
d. oxygen gas
21. Provide the classification (i.e. atomic element, molecular element, molecular compound, or ionic compound) of each substance.
a. I2
b. H2O
c. Al
d. CuCl
22. Classify each compound as ionic or molecular.
a. CF2Cl2
b. CO
c. SO3
d. Al(NO3)2
23. Predict whether the compound formed in each case is an ionic or a covalent compound.
a. Carbon Dioxide
b. Potassium Oxide
c. Nitrogen Chloride
d. Dinitrogen Tetroxide
24. Classify each substance as an atomic element, molecular element, or ionic compound.
a. Krypton
b. Nitrogen gas
c. Potassium Nitrate
d. Gold
WRITING FORMULA FOR IONIC COMPOUNDS: NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS
25. Briefly describe the process for naming an ionic compound.
26. In what order do the names of ions appear in the names of ionic compounds?
27. Which ionic compounds can be named using two different systems? Give an example.
28. Name the ionic compound formed by each pair of ions.
a. Na+ and Br−
b. Mg2+ and Br−
c. Mg2+ and S2−
29. Name the ionic compound formed by each pair of ions. Use both the Stock and common systems, where appropriate.
a. Fe3+ and Br−
b. Fe2+ and Br−
c. Au3+ and S2−
d. Au+ and S2−
30. Name the ionic compound formed by each pair of ions. Use both the Stock and common systems, where appropriate.
a. Cr3+ and NO3−
b. Fe2+ and PO43−
c. Ca2+ and CrO42−
d. Al3+ and OH−
31. Provide the formula for each ionic compound named below.
a. Sodium hypochlorite
b. Potassium hydroxide
c. Ammonium nitrate
d. Aluminum sulfite
e. Iron(III) cyanide
32. Complete the table below
Cations |
Anions |
Formula Unit |
Zn2+ |
Br- |
|
K+ |
CO32- |
|
Al3+ |
HCO3- |
|
Fe2+ |
OH- |
|
Cu+ |
NO3- |
|
33. Provide the name of the individual ions that make up each of the following ionic compounds and indicate how many of each ion there are.
a. Al(OH)3
b. Li3PO4
c. KCl
d. ZnF2
e. Na2O
34. Combine the following pairs of elements (or ions) to express them as an ionic compound.
a. Sodium and Sulfur
b. Barium and Iodine
c. Iron(III) and Oxygen
d. Aluminum and Bromine
e. Lithium and Nitrogen
35. Name each ionic compound AND give the names of the individual ions that make up the formula.
a. Hg2S
b. Cr2O3
c. K2SO4
d. Fe2(CO3)3
e. Zn(ClO)2
36. Transition metals tend to have varying charges. Determine the charges on each transition metal in the following ionic compounds.
a. AuN
b. SnO2
c. Cu2S
d. PbBr4
e. FeI2
37. The following chemical formulas are INCORRECT. Rewrite the formulas with the proper number of cations and anions to balance the formulas then name the ionic compounds
a. BaC2H3O2
b. NH4SO4
c. ZnClO
d. AlOH
e. NaCO3
38. Determine if the following ionic compounds are correctly balanced. If they are not correctly balanced, then rewrite the chemical formula correctly.
a. Ca2O
b. Na(OH)2
c. AlBr2
d. Zn3(PO4)2
e. Sr2N
39. Mercury forms two possible cations—Hg2+Hg2+ and Hg2+2Hg22+, the second of which is actually a two-atom cation with a 2+ charge. What are the chemical formulas of the ionic compounds these ions make with the oxide ion, O2−O2−?
40. Which compounds would you predict to be ionic?
a. Li2O
b. (NH4)2O
c. CO2
d. FeSO3
e. C6H6
f. C2H6O
41. The following ionic compounds are found in common household products. Write the formulas for each compound:
a. potassium phosphate
b. copper(II) sulfate
c. calcium chloride
d. titanium dioxide
e. ammonium nitrate
f. sodium bisulfate (the common name for sodium hydrogen sulfate)
42. Name each ionic compound.
a. CaCl2
b. AlF3
c. Co2O3
d. Sc2O3
e. AgCl
43. Name the following ionic compounds:
a. CsCl
b. BaO
c. K2S
d. BeCl2
e. HBr
f. AlF3
NAMING MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
44. Write the formulas of the following molecular and ionic compounds:
a. chlorine dioxide
b. dinitrogen tetroxide
c. potassium phosphide
d. silver(I) sulfide
e. aluminum nitride
45. Give the names of the following covalent compounds.
a. N2O4
b. SCl6
c. CBr4
d. P2O5
e. ClF7
46. Write the formula for each molecular compound.
a. dinitrogen monoxide
b. silicon tetrafluoride
c. boron trichloride
d. nitrogen trifluoride
e. phosphorus tribromide
47. Determine whether the name shown for each molecular compound is correct. If not, provide the compound’s correct name.
a. NCl3 Nitrogen Chloride
b. CI4 Carbon(IV)iodide
c. CO Carbon Oxide
d. SCl4 Sulfur tetrachloride
48. Give the formula for each molecule.
a. carbon tetrachloride
b. silicon dioxide
c. trisilicon tetranitride
d. disulfur difluoride
e. iodine pentabromide
49. Give a systematic name for each of the following molecular compounds:
a. CF4
b. Cl2O3
c. I4O9
d. SF6
50. Provide the formula for each of the following molecular compounds:
a. dinitrogen pentoxide
b. iodine monobromide
c. sulfur tetrafluoride
d. chlorine dioxide
51. Name the following molecular compounds.
a. NBr3
b. O2
c. NH3
d. CH4
52. Write a formula for each molecular compound.
a. Hydrogen iodide
b. Sulfur tetrachloride
c. Chlorine Dioxide
d. Selenium hexafluoride
53. What is the formula mass for each compound?
a. FeBr3
b. FeBr2
c. Au2S3
d. Au2S
54. What is the formula mass for each compound?
a. Cr(NO3)3
b. Fe3(PO4)2
c. CaCrO4
d. Al(OH)3.
55. Calculate the formula mass for each compound.
a. KMnO4
b. H2CO3
c. Ba(ClO3)2
d. Mg3(PO4)2
Cumulative
56. Complete the table below.
Element |
Number of valence electrons |
Symbol of ion formed by this element |
Report the number of electrons lost or gained |
K |
|
|
|
Br |
|
|
|
Ca |
|
|
|
O |
|
|
|
Al |
|
|
|
57. Complete the table below.
Ionic compound |
Cation symbol and name |
Anion symbol and name |
NaC2H3O2 |
|
|
Cr(NO3)3 |
|
|
PbCl2 |
|
|
Hg3(PO4)2 |
|
|
Ca(HCO3)2 |
|
|
58. Write the empirical formula for the binary compound formed by the most common monatomic ions formed by each pair of elements.
a. lithium and nitrogen
b. cesium and chlorine
c. gallium and oxygen
d. rubidium and sulfur
e. arsenic and sodium
59. Complete the table below.
Formula Unit |
Chemical Name |
MgS |
|
|
Aluminum Oxide |
Fe(OH)3 |
|
|
Copper(II) chloride |
Pb(CO3)2 |
|
|
Zinc bicarbonate |
CaSO4 |
|
|
Sodium acetate |
BaBr2 |
|
|
Ammonium nitrate |
60. Each of the following compounds contains a metal that can exhibit more than one ionic charge. Name these compounds:
a. Cr2O3
b. FeCl2
c. CrO3
d. TiCl4
e. CoO
61. Complete the following table by filling in the formula for the ionic compound formed by each cation-anion pair.
Ion |
K+ |
Fe3+ |
NH4+ |
Ba2+ |
Cl- |
|
|
|
|
SO42- |
|
|
|
|
PO43- |
|
|
|
|
NO3- |
|
|
|
|
OH- |
|
|
|
|
62. Write the formulas of the following compounds and calculate its formula mass.
a. rubidium bromide
b. magnesium selenide
c. calcium chloride
d. hydrogen fluoride
e. sodium oxide
63. Determine whether the name shown for each molecular compound is correct. If not, provide the compound’s correct name.
a. SF4 monosulfur hexafluoride
b. K2O dipotassium monoxide
c. CaI2 Calcium diiodide
d. PBr5 Phosphorus (v) pentabromide