6.1: Electronegativity and Polarity (Problems)

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PROBLEM \(\PageIndex{1}\)

Predict which of the following compounds are ionic and which are covalent, based on the location of their constituent atoms in the periodic table:

a. Cl₂CO
b. MnO
c. NCl₃
d. CoBr₂
e. K₂S
f. CO
g. CaF₂
h. HI
i. CaO
j. IBr
k. CO₂

Answer a: covalent

Answer b: ionic

Answer c: covalent

Answer d: ionic

Answer e: ionic

Answer f: covalent

Answer g: ionic

Answer h: covalent

Answer i: ionic

Answer j: covalent

Answer k: covalent

PROBLEM \(\PageIndex{2}\)

Explain the difference between a nonpolar covalent bond, a polar covalent bond, and an ionic bond.

Answer

nonpolar covalent: electronegativity difference is less than 0.4 (nonmetal+nonmetal close together on the periodic table)

polar covalent: electronegativity difference in between 0.4 and 2.0 (nonmetal + nonmental further apart on the periodic table)

ionic: electronegativity difference is above 2.0 (metal + nonmetal)

PROBLEM \(\PageIndex{3}\)

From its position in the periodic table, determine which atom in each pair is more electronegative:

a. Br or Cl
b. N or O
c. S or O
d. P or S
e. Si or N
f. Ba or P
g. N or K

Answer a: Cl

Answer b: O

Answer c: O

Answer d: S

Answer e: N

Answer f: P

Answer g: N

PROBLEM \(\PageIndex{4}\)

From its position in the periodic table, determine which atom in each pair is more electronegative:

a. N or P
b. N or Ge
c. S or F
d. Cl or S
e. H or C
f. Se or P
g. C or Si

Answer a: N

Answer b: N

Answer c: F

Answer d: Cl

Answer e: C

Answer f: P

Answer g: C

PROBLEM \(\PageIndex{5}\)

From their positions in the periodic table, arrange the atoms in each of the following series in order of increasing electronegativity:

a. C, F, H, N, O
b. Br, Cl, F, H, I
c. F, H, O, P, S
d. Al, H, Na, O, P
e. Ba, H, N, O, As

Answer a: H, C, N, O, F

Answer b: H, I, Br, Cl, F

Answer c: H, P, S, O, F

Answer d: Na, Al, H, P, O

Answer e: Ba, H, As, N, O

PROBLEM \(\PageIndex{6}\)

Which is the most polar bond?

C–C; C–H; N–H; O–H; Se–H

Answer: O–H

PROBLEM \(\PageIndex{7}\)

Identify the more polar bond in each of the following pairs of bonds:

a. HF or HCl
b. NO or CO
c. SH or OH
d. PCl or SCl
e. CH or NH
f. SO or PO
g. CN or NN

Answer a: HF

Answer b: CO

Answer c: OH

Answer d: PCl

Answer e: NH

Answer f: PO

Answer g: CN

PROBLEM \(\PageIndex{8}\)

Which of the following molecules or ions contain polar bonds?

a. O₃
b. \(\ce{O2^2-}\)
c. \(\ce{NO3-}\)
d. CO₂
e. H₂S
f. \(\ce{BH4-}\)
g. S₈

Answer: c, d, e, f

Contributors

Paul Flowers (University of North Carolina - Pembroke), Klaus Theopold (University of Delaware) and Richard Langley (Stephen F. Austin State University) with contributing authors. Textbook content produced by OpenStax College is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 license. Download for free at http://cnx.org/contents/85abf193-2bd...a7ac8df6@9.110).
Adelaide Clark, Oregon Institute of Technology

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