3.4: Molecular and Ionic Compounds (Problems)

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PROBLEM \(\PageIndex{1}\)

Using the periodic table, predict whether the following chlorides are ionic or covalent: KCl, NCl₃, ICl, MgCl₂, PCl₅, and CCl₄.

Answer: Ionic: KCl, MgCl₂; Covalent: NCl₃, ICl, PCl₅, CCl₄

PROBLEM \(\PageIndex{2}\)

Using the periodic table, predict whether the following chlorides are ionic or covalent: SiCl₄, PCl₃, CaCl₂, CsCl, CuCl₂, and CrCl₃.

Answer: Ionic: CaCl₂, CuCl₂, CsCl, CrCl₃; Covalent: SiCl₄, PCl₃

PROBLEM \(\PageIndex{3}\)

For each of the following compounds, state whether it is ionic or covalent. If it is ionic, write the symbols for the ions involved:

(a) NF₃
(b) BaO
(c) (NH₄)₂CO₃
(d) Sr(H₂PO₄)₂
(e) IBr
(f) Na₂O

Answer a: covalent

Answer b: ionic, Ba²⁺, O²⁻

Answer c: ionic, \(\ce{NH4+}\), \(\ce{CO3^2-}\)

Answer d: ionic, Sr²⁺, \(\ce{H2PO4-}\)

Answer e: covalent

Answer f: ionic, Na⁺, O²⁻

PROBLEM \(\PageIndex{4}\)

For each of the following pairs of ions, write the symbol for the formula of the compound they will form:

(a) Ca²⁺, S²⁻
(b) \(\ce{NH4+}\), \(\ce{SO4^2-}\)
(c) Al³⁺, Br⁻
(d) Na⁺, \(\ce{HPO4^2-}\)
(e) Mg²⁺, \(\ce{PO4^3-}\)

Answer a: CaS

Answer b: (NH₄)₂CO₃

Answer c: AlBr₃

Answer d: Na₂HPO₄

Answer e: Mg₃(PO₄)₂

PROBLEM \(\PageIndex{5}\)

For each of the following pairs of ions, write the symbol for the formula of the compound they will form:

(a) K⁺, O²⁻
(b) \(\ce{NH4+}\), \(\ce{PO4^3-}\)
(c) Al³⁺, O²⁻
(d) Na⁺, \(\ce{CO3^2-}\)
(e) Ba²⁺, \(\ce{PO4^3-}\)

Answer a: K₂O

Answer b: (NH₄)₃PO₄

Answer c: Al₂O₃

Answer d: Na₂CO₃

Answer e: Ba₃(PO₄)₂

Click here for a video of the solution

PROBLEM \(\PageIndex{6}\)

Name the following compounds:

(a) CsCl
(b) BaO
(c) K₂S
(d) BeCl₂
(e) HBr
(f) AlF₃

Answer a: cesium chloride

Answer b: barium oxide

Answer c: potassium sulfide

Answer d: beryllium chloride

Answer e: hydrogen bromide

Answer f: aluminum fluoride

PROBLEM \(\PageIndex{7}\)

Name the following compounds:

(a) NaF
(b) Rb₂O
(c) BCl₃
(d) H₂Se
(e) P₄O₆
(f) ICl₃

Answer a: sodium fluoride

Answer b: Rubidium oxide

Answer c: boron trichloride

Answer d: hydrogen selenide

Answer e

tetraphosphorous hexaoxide

(if you are googling the answers to your homework, google may disagree with you. But we are naming based on the rules we just learned, which is why you shouldn't trust google for the answers to your homework)

Answer f: Iodine trichloride

PROBLEM \(\PageIndex{8}\)

Write the formulas of the following compounds:

(a) rubidium bromide
(b) magnesium selenide
(c) sodium oxide
(d) calcium chloride
(e) hydrogen fluoride
(f) gallium phosphide
(g) aluminum bromide
(h) ammonium sulfate

Answer a: RbBr

Answer b: MgSe

Answer c: Na₂O

Answer d: CaCl₂

Answer e: HF

Answer f: GaP

Answer g: AlBr₃

Answer h: (NH₄)₂SO₄

PROBLEM \(\PageIndex{9}\)

Write the formulas of the following compounds:

(a) lithium carbonate
(b) sodium perchlorate
(c) barium hydroxide
(d) ammonium carbonate
(e) sulfuric acid
(f) calcium acetate
(g) magnesium phosphate
(h) sodium sulfite

Answer a: Li₂CO₃

Answer b: NaClO₄

Answer c: Ba(OH)₂

Answer d: (NH₄)₂CO₃

Answer e: H₂SO₄

Answer f: Ca(C₂H₃O₂)₂

Answer g: Mg₃(PO₄)₂

Answer h: Na₂SO₃

PROBLEM \(\PageIndex{10}\)

Write the formulas of the following compounds:

(a) chlorine dioxide
(b) dinitrogen tetraoxide
(c) potassium phosphide
(d) silver(I) sulfide
(e) aluminum nitride
(f) silicon dioxide

Answer a: ClO₂

Answer b: N₂O₄

Answer c: K₃P

Answer d: Ag₂S

Answer e: AlN

Answer f: SiO₂

PROBLEM \(\PageIndex{11}\)

Write the formulas of the following compounds:

(a) barium chloride
(b) magnesium nitride
(c) sulfur dioxide
(d) nitrogen trichloride
(e) dinitrogen trioxide
(f) tin(IV) chloride

Answer a: BaCl₂

Answer b: Mg₃N₂

Answer c: SO₂

Answer d: NCl₃

Answer e: N₂O₃

Answer f: SnCl₄

PROBLEM \(\PageIndex{12}\)

Each of the following compounds contains a metal that can exhibit more than one ionic charge. Name these compounds:

(a) Cr₂O₃
(b) FeCl₂
(c) CrO₃
(d) TiCl₄
(e) CoO
(f) MoS₂

Answer a: chromium(III) oxide

Answer b: iron(II) chloride

Answer c: chromium(VI) oxide

Answer d: titanium(IV) chloride

Answer e: cobalt(II) oxide

Answer f: molybdenum(IV) sulfide

PROBLEM \(\PageIndex{13}\)

Each of the following compounds contains a metal that can exhibit more than one ionic charge. Name these compounds:

(a) NiCO₃
(b) MoO₃
(c) Co(NO₃)₂
(d) V₂O₅
(e) MnO₂
(f) Fe₂O₃

Answer a: nickel (II) carbonate

Answer b: Molybdenum (VI) oxide

Answer c: cobalt (II) nitrate

Answer d: vanadium (V) oxide

Answer e: manganese (IV) oxide

Answer f: iron (III) oxide

PROBLEM \(\PageIndex{14}\)

The following ionic compounds are found in common household products. Write the formulas for each compound:

(a) potassium phosphate
(b) copper(II) sulfate
(c) calcium chloride
(d) titanium dioxide
(e) ammonium nitrate
(f) sodium bisulfate (the common name for sodium hydrogen sulfate)

Answer a: K₃PO₄

Answer b: CuSO₄

Answer c: CaCl₂

Answer d: TiO₂

Answer e: NH₄NO₃

Answer f: NaHSO₄

PROBLEM \(\PageIndex{15}\)

The following ionic compounds are found in common household products. Name each of the compounds:

(a) Ca(H₂PO₄)₂
(b) FeSO₄
(c) CaCO₃
(d) MgO
(e) NaNO₂
(f) KI

Answer a: calcium dihydrogen phosphate

Answer b: iron (II) sulfate

Answer c: calcium carbonate

Answer d: magnesium oxide

Answer e: sodium nitrite

Answer f: potassium iodide

Contributors

Paul Flowers (University of North Carolina - Pembroke), Klaus Theopold (University of Delaware) and Richard Langley (Stephen F. Austin State University) with contributing authors. Textbook content produced by OpenStax College is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 license. Download for free at http://cnx.org/contents/85abf193-2bd...a7ac8df6@9.110).
Adelaide Clark, Oregon Institute of Technology

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