2.6: 6. TMC- Transition Metals and their Complexes
- Page ID
- 436100
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To develop chemical literacy regarding transition metals and coordination
chemistry with emphasis on:
- formation of and bonding in coordination compounds and the characterization of their isomers;
- electronic structure and properties (magnetic, optical) of transition metals and their ions;
- the application of crystal field theory in interrelating molecular geometry, magnetic properties, and color for coordination compounds;
- combining coordination chemistry concepts with previous knowledge, such as acid-base chemistry and equilibrium.
TMC: Transition Metals and their Complexes
- Write ground state electronic configurations for the first row of d-block transition metal atoms and their ions.
- Recall how to name ionic compounds that combine transition metal cations with monatomic anions (e.g. iron(III) oxide)
- Define coordination compound, complex ion, ligand, oxidation number, coordination number, Lewis acid-Lewis base interaction, & coordinate covalent
- bond
- Define Lewis acids and Lewis bases in the context of organometallic compounds
- Define and recognize ligands as being monodentate, bidentate, polydentate, or chelating
- Describe the geometries of complex ions with coordination numbers of 2, 4, and 6
- Define the different types of isomerism exhibited by coordination compounds, including structural isomerism, coordination isomerism, linkage isomerism, stereoisomerism, geometric and optical isomerism
- Define what is meant by trans and cis isomers, chiral compounds, and enantiomers
- Determine which types of isomerism are possible for a given coordination compound or complex ion
- Synthesize organometallic concepts with other course material, such as solution chemistry, concentrations, acid-base chemistry, and/or precipitation from aqueous solution, to solve quantitative problems
- Describe how the magnetic behavior of transition metals relates to their electronic structure and whether they are diamagnetic or paramagnetic
- Recognize from the demonstrations the wide variety of colors and magnetic properties exhibited by coordination compounds
- Describe the properties that are interrelated by theories of bonding in complex ions, including magnetic, optical, molecular geometry, and spectrochemical series
- Describe the crystal field model, the assumptions that underlie the model, the properties that can be predicted or interrelated by the model (along with the input required to make such predictions), and the limitations of the model
- Describe the splitting pattern of 3d orbital energies predicted for an octahedral complex ion by crystal field theory, and explain how these result from and correlate to the 3d atomic orbitals on the metal; identify the levels as eg or t2g and identify the energy splitting
- Use crystal field theory and the spectrochemical series to predict for an octahedral complex ion whether the splitting corresponds to a weak-field or strong-field case, to determine whether the electron configuration will be high-spin or low-spin, to determine the number of unpaired electrons and whether the complex will be paramagnetic or diamagnetic, and finally how all these parameters and properties related to the color of the ion and it’s absorption energy and wavelength
- Describe how these same principles of crystal field theory can be applied to other geometries, such as tetrahedral and square planar complexes
- Describe how the molecular orbital/ligand field models give rise to an alternate and more comprehensive picture of the geometry, bonding, stability, magnetic and optical properties of complex ions, and how molecular orbital energy diagrams for complex ions result in the same characteristic splitting pattern predicted by the crystal field model
- Describe how the absorption of light results in colored compounds, and relate the frequency and wavelength of the absorbed light to the absorption energy