4: Absorption Spectrum of Conjugated Dyes
- Page ID
- 419779
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)You will measure the absorption spectra of a series of conjugated dyes and then use the Particle-In-A-Box (theoretical model) to explain the observed spectra.
The general approach to this experiment is adapted from D. P. Shoemaker, C. W. Garland, and J. W. Nibler, Experiments in Physical Chemistry, 6th edition, McGraw Hill Co. Inc, NY, 1996, p378. The experiment has been revised to suit our laboratory environment.
References:
1. Castellan, G. W., Physical Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass., 1972, Chapters 19-22.
2. Barrow, G. Physical Chemistry, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 1973, Chapters 3 and 12.
3. Shoemaker, D. P., Garland, C. W., and Nibler, J. W. Experiments in Physical Chemistry, 6th ed., McGraw-Hill, NY, 1996, Chapter XIV, Experiment 34.
4. Farrell, T.T., J. Chem. Ed., 1985, 62, 351.
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10. Suzuki, H., "Electronic Absorption Spectra and Geometry of Organic Molecules", Academic Press, New York, 1967, Chapter 17, p. 374.
11. Aldrich Catalog, Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc., 1992., found in FFSC 1113 or online.
12. Venkataraman, K., "The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes", Academic Press, Inc., NY, 1952, Volume II, Chapter XXXVIII, p. 1155.
13. Streitwieser, A., "Molecular Orbital Theory for Organic Chemists", John Wiley & Sons, Inc., NY, 1967, Chapter 2.
14. Okawara, M., Kitao, T., Hirashima, T., and Matsuoka, M., Physical Sciences Data 35: Organic Colorants, Kodansha, Tokyo; Elsevier, Amsterdam-Oxford- New York-Tokyo, 1988, pp. 318-321.
15. Taubmann, G., J. Chem. Ed., 1992, 69, 96.
16. Atkins, P.W. Physical Chemistry, 5th ed., W. H. Freeman, NY, 1994, Sections 12.1, 14.9, or, 6th ed., W. H. Freeman, NY, 1997, Sections 12.1, 14.9.
17. Engel, T., Drobney, G and Reid, P., Physical Chemistry for the Life Sciences, Pearson Prentice Hall, NJ, 2008 (Section 14.3).