4: Chapter 4 - Molecules, Bonding, and Forces

4.1: Compounds, Lewis Diagrams and Ionic Bonds
4.2: Nomenclature of Ionic Compounds
4.3: Covalent Bonding
4.4: Exceptions to the Octet Rule
4.5: Nomenclature of Molecular Compounds
4.6: Electronegativity and the Polar Covalent Bond
4.7: Intermolecular Forces
All substances experience dispersion forces between their particles. Substances that are polar experience dipole-dipole interactions. Substances with covalent bonds between an H atom and N, O, or F atoms experience hydrogen bonding. The preferred phase of a substance depends on the strength of the intermolecular force and the energy of the particles.