3.3.0.0: Bond Types (Problems)
- Page ID
- 210701
PROBLEM \(\PageIndex{1}\)
Does a cation gain protons to form a positive charge or does it lose electrons?
- Answer
-
The protons in the nucleus do not change during normal chemical reactions. Only the outer electrons move. Positive charges form when electrons are lost.
PROBLEM \(\PageIndex{2}\)
Iron(III) sulfate [Fe2(SO4)3] is composed of Fe3+ and \(\ce{SO4^2-}\) ions. Explain why a sample of iron(III) sulfate is uncharged.
- Answer
-
Two cations with a +3 charge give a total of +6 charge, while three anions of -2 charge give a total of -6 charge. +6-6=0, so when these ions bond, the charges will cancel, leaving the resulting compound uncharged.
PROBLEM \(\PageIndex{3}\)
Which of the following atoms would be expected to form negative ions in binary ionic compounds and which would be expected to form positive ions: P, I, Mg, Cl, In, Cs, O, Pb, Co?
- Answer
-
P, I, Cl, and O would form anions because they are nonmetals. Mg, In, Cs, Pb, and Co would form cations because they are metals.
PROBLEM \(\PageIndex{4}\)
Which of the following atoms would be expected to form negative ions in binary ionic compounds and which would be expected to form positive ions: Br, Ca, Na, N, F, Al, Sn, S, Cd?
- Answer
-
Anions: Br, N, F, S,
Cations: Ca, Na, Al, Sn (because it's a metal), Cd (because it is a metal)
PROBLEM \(\PageIndex{5}\)
Predict the charge on the monatomic ions formed from the following atoms in binary ionic compounds:
- P
- Mg
- Al
- O
- Cl
- Cs
- Answer a
-
P3–
- Answer b
-
Mg2+
- Answer c
-
Al3+
- Answer d
-
O2–
- Answer e
-
Cl–
- Answer f
-
Cs+
PROBLEM \(\PageIndex{6}\)
Predict the charge on the monatomic ions formed from the following atoms in binary ionic compounds:
a. I
b. Sr
c. K
d. N
e. S
f. In
- Answer a
-
I-
- Answer b
-
Sr2+
- Answer c
-
K+
- Answer d
-
N3-
- Answer e
-
S2-
- Answer f
-
In3+
PROBLEM \(\PageIndex{7}\)
Write the noble gas electron configuration for each of the following ions:
a. As3–
b. I–
c. Be2+
d. Cd2+
e. O2–
f. Ga3+
g. Li+
h. N3–
i. Sn2+
j. Co2+
k. Fe2+
l. As3+
- Answer a
-
[Ar]4s23d104p6
- Answer b
-
[Kr]4d105s25p6
- Answer c
-
1s2
- Answer d
-
[Kr]4d10
- Answer e
-
[He]2s22p6
- Answer f
-
[Ar]3d10
- Answer g
-
1s2
- Answer h
-
[He]2s22p6
- Answer i
-
[Kr]4d105s2
- Answer j
-
[Ar]3d7
- Answer k
-
[Ar]3d6
- Answer l
-
[Ar]3d104s2
PROBLEM \(\PageIndex{8}\)
Write out the full electron configuration for each of the following atoms and for the monatomic ion found in binary ionic compounds containing the element:
- Al
- Br
- Sr
- Li
- As
- S
- Answer a
-
Al: 1s22s22p63s23p1
Al3+: 1s22s22p6
- Answer b
-
Br: 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p5
Br-: 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p6
- Answer c
-
Sr: 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p65s2
Sr2+: 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p6
- Answer d
-
Li: 1s22s1
Li+: 1s2
- Answer e
-
As: 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p3
As3-: 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p6
- Answer f
-
S: 1s22s22p63s23p4
S2-: 1s22s22p63s23p6
PROBLEM \(\PageIndex{9}\)
What information can you use to predict whether a bond between two atoms is covalent or ionic?
- Answer
-
The position of the two atoms on the periodic table: two nonmetals form a covalent bond, while a metal and a nonmetal form an ionic bond.
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Contributors and Attributions
Paul Flowers (University of North Carolina - Pembroke), Klaus Theopold (University of Delaware) and Richard Langley (Stephen F. Austin State University) with contributing authors. Textbook content produced by OpenStax College is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 license. Download for free at http://cnx.org/contents/85abf193-2bd...a7ac8df6@9.110).
- Adelaide Clark, Oregon Institute of Technology
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