2.14.1: Ions, Molecules, and Compounds (Exercises)
- Page ID
- 290659
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Two Types of Bonding Exercises
1. What is the octet rule?
2. How are ionic bonds formed?
3. Why is an ionic compound unlikely to consist of two positively charged ions?
4. Why is an ionic compound unlikely to consist of two negatively charged ions?
5. A calcium atom has two valence electrons. Do you think it will lose two electrons or gain six electrons to obtain an octet in its outermost electron shell? Write the formula of the resulting ion.
6. An aluminum atom has three valence electrons. Do you think it will lose three electrons or gain five electrons to obtain an octet in its outermost electron shell? Write the formula of the resulting ion.
7. A selenium atom has six valence electrons. Do you think it will lose six electrons or gain two electrons to obtain an octet in its outermost electron shell? Write the formula of the resulting ion.
8. An iodine atom has seven valence electrons. Do you think it will lose seven electrons or gain one electron to obtain an octet in its outermost electron shell? Write the formula of the resulting ion.
Ions & Bonding Exercises
1. Fill in the following table:
| Nuclear Symbol | Atomic Number | Mass Number | Number of Protons | Number of Electrons | Number of Neutrons | Charge |
| \(\mathrm{^{40}_{18}Ar}\) | ||||||
| 39 | 19 | 18 | ||||
| 16 | 20 | -2 |
2. For each of the following elements, indicate whether it is a main group element (MG), transition metal (TM), or inner transition metal (ITM). If the element is a main group element, indicate the group number and whether it is a metal, a nonmetal or a metalloid. Also indicate the ionic charge that each would most likely create.
- \(\ce{Sr}\) (atomic # 38)
- \(\ce{Br}\) (atomic # 35)
- \(\ce{Mo}\) (atomic # 42)
- \(\ce{P}\) (atomic # 15)
- \(\ce{B}\) (atomic # 5)
- \(\ce{U}\) (atomic # 92)
- \(\ce{Sn}\) (atomic # 50)
- \(\ce{Hg}\) (atomic # 80)
3. Provide the common names of Groups 1, 2, 17 and 18.
4. Give an example of at least one element made up of molecules and one compound made up of molecules.
5. For each of the following atoms, indicate whether it forms a positive or a negative ion, and include the ion charge.
- \(\ce{Na}\)
- \(\ce{Ba}\)
- \(\ce{Cl}\)
- \(\ce{S}\)
- \(\ce{Ag}\)
Nomenclature Exercises
1. Which of the following are ionic compounds? Which are covalent compounds? Name each compound.
- \(\ce{N2O}\)
- \(\ce{K2O}\)
- \(\ce{PCl3}\)
- \(\ce{AlPO4}\)
- \(\ce{HCl}\)
- \(\ce{NH4F}\)
- \(\ce{Pb(NO2)2}\)
- \(\ce{H2SO3}\)
2. Name the following ionic compounds:
- \(\ce{CaCO3}\)
- \(\ce{ZnS}\)
- \(\ce{CuOH}\)
- \(\ce{Mg(ClO4)2}\)
3. Give the formulas for the following ionic compounds:
- potassium phosphate
- ammonium sulfate
- cobalt(II) hydroxide
- iron(III)nitride
4. Provide the formulas for the following covalent compounds:
- phosphorus triiodide
- dinitrogen pentoxide
- chloric acid