1.7: Alcohols

Last updated

Oct 3, 2022
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- 1.6: Benzene and Conjugation
- 1.8: Ethers

Rebekah O'Donnell
Boston University via OpenStax CNX

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Learning Objective

How to name alcohols and phenols.

In organic chemistry, any alkyl group can be abbreviated as R. An alcohol, in which a hydroxy (-OH) group is attached to a carbon of the alkyl group, can be abbreviated as R-OH.

Practice Questions

1. The name of this molecule is ethanol.

Figure $\PageIndex{1}$.svg — Figure $\PageIndex{1}$ : ethanol

What is the name of Molecule A?

Figure $\PageIndex{2}$.svg — Figure $\PageIndex{2}$ : Molecule A

2. This molecule is named 2-butanol.

Figure $\PageIndex{3}$.svg — Figure $\PageIndex{3}$ : 2-butanol

This molecule is named 6-isopropyl-5-nonanol. Number the carbons.

Figure $\PageIndex{4}$.svg — Figure $\PageIndex{4}$ : 6-isopropyl-5-nonanol

Number the carbons. What is the name of Molecule B?

Figure $\PageIndex{5}$.svg — Figure $\PageIndex{5}$ : Molecule B

3. The name of this molecule is 3-propyl-2-octanol. Number the carbons.

Figure $\PageIndex{6}$.svg — Figure $\PageIndex{6}$ : 3-propyl-2-octanol

4. Number the carbons. What is the name of molecule C?

Figure $\PageIndex{7}$.svg — Figure $\PageIndex{7}$ : Molecule C

5. This molecule is named 3-fluorocyclohexanol. Number the carbons.

Figure $\PageIndex{8}$.svg — Figure $\PageIndex{8}$ : 3-fluorocyclohexanol

6. Number the carbons. What is the name of Molecule D?

Molecule D

Figure $\PageIndex{9}$.svg — Figure $\PageIndex{9}$ .

7. This molecule is named 4-hexen-2-ol. Number the carbons.

Figure $\PageIndex{10}$.svg — Figure $\PageIndex{10}$ : 4-hexen-2-ol

8. Number the carbons. What is the name of Molecule E?

Figure $\PageIndex{11}$.svg — Figure $\PageIndex{11}$ : Molecule E

9. This molecule is named 2,3-pentanediol.

Figure $\PageIndex{12}$.svg — Figure $\PageIndex{12}$ : 2,3-pentanediol

What is the name of Molecule F?

Figure $\PageIndex{13}$.svg — Figure $\PageIndex{13}$ : Molecule F

If a hydroxy (-OH) group is attached to an aromatic ring system, it is called a phenol.

Figure $\PageIndex{14}$.svg — Figure $\PageIndex{14}$ : Two phenols

This molecule is named 2-chlorophenol or o-chlorophenol.

Figure $\PageIndex{15}$.svg — Figure $\PageIndex{15}$ : 2-chlorophenol / o-chlorophenol

Practice Questions

1. Name Molecule G using 1) numbers and 2) the o/m/p nomenclature.

Figure $\PageIndex{16}$.svg — Figure $\PageIndex{16}$ : Molecule G

2. What additions do we make to our existing naming rules to name alcohols?

3. Write the steps that you use to name an alcohol in order, as instructions for a student who doesn't know how to do it.

4. Draw any alcohol and go through the steps in naming your molecule.

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