Section 3 Final Evaluation

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1. _______ is a method used in analyzing base substitution mutation resulting from single nucleotide polymorphism.

Micronucleus assay

Chromosome aberration study

Allele-Specific PCR

Chromatography

Answer: Allele-Specific PCR

2. Proteomic assay analyzes the effect of toxicants in cellular toxicity signaling pathways or mechanisms through:

Immunofluorescence

Immunoblot

Immunoprecipitation

All of the above

Answer: All of the above

3. In Ladder Assay, fragmented DNA can be separated by agarose gel electrophoresis and can be visualized as “ladder” by __________ staining.

Ethidium bromide

Eosin

Gram

Wright’s

Answer: Ethidium bromide

4. Trisomy is a form of aneuploidy interpreted as:

Single missing chromosome from diploid set.

Three copies of a single chromosome from a diploid set

Three copies of a single chromosome from a triploid set

Single missing chromosome from a triploid set

Answer: Three copies of a single chromosome from a diploid set

5. Gene mutations in which a single base nucleotide is replaced by another nucleotide are known as:

Frame shift

Quantitative change in nucleotide

Qualitative change in nucleotide

Left shift

Answer: Qualitative change in nucleotide

6. Some structural chromosomal aberrations caused by genotoxic chemicals in cytogenetic assays of mammalian cells include the following EXCEPT:

Dicentric Chromosomes

Ring Chromosomes

Spiral Chromosomes

Chromosome breaks

Answer: Spiral Chromosomes

7. Structural changes in chromosomes include the following EXCEPT:

Aneuploidy

Inversion

Translocation

Deletion

Answer: Aneuploidy

8. Addition or deletion of nucleotides in the DNA sequence results in the change of the entire DNA or amino acid sequence. This process is known as:

Frame shift

Base-pair substitution mutation

Qualitative change in nucleotide

Right shift

Answer: Frame shift

9. In Allele-Specific PCR, fluorescent reporter probes are added to the reaction mixture, one fluorescent reporter probe is selected for the wild type and the other fluorescent probe is used for the mutant.

True

False

Answer: true

10. The analysis of image to determine DNA damage in comet assay is calculated for the ______ and _______.

“tail length” and “head length”

“head length” and “head moment”

“head length” and “tail moment”

“tail length” and “tail moment”

Answer: “tail length” and “tail moment”

11. Cells which stain negative for both fluorescein isothiocyanate Annexin V and propidium iodide in flow cytometric analysis for necrosis assay are:

Dead and undergoing apoptosis and necrosis

Alive and not undergoing apoptosis or necrosis

Dead and undergoing necrosis only

Alive and undergoing apoptosis only

Answer: Alive and not undergoing apoptosis or necrosis

12. Histone Modification Assay uses Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP) followed by:

Hybridization to microarrays (ChIP-chip)

Immunofluorescence

Fluorescence spectroscopy

Fluorescence microscope

Answer: Hybridization to microarrays (ChIP-chip)