Final Evaluation
- Page ID
- 309305
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)1. General rule of thumb for apoptosis is that it is more commonly seen at higher levels of toxicant exposure while necrosis occurs more frequently at relatively lower levels of toxicant exposure. True or False?
True
False
- Answer
-
False
2. Neoantigen formation results when a xenobiotic or its metabolite binds to a larger protein to form a novel molecule that elicits an immune response. Molecules that trigger this immune response are called:
Haptens
Free radicals
Electrophils
Poisons
- Answer
-
Haptens
3. Lipid peroxidation occurs when an _______ compound steals an electron from a membrane phospholipids resulting in the production of a fatty acid radical.
Electrophobic
Hydroxyl radical
Electrophilic
Hydrophilic
- Answer
-
Electrophilic
4. Electron transfer can result in oxidation of some endogenous macromolecules and formation of _________ such as superoxide ion (•O2-) and hydroxyl radical (HO•).
Enzymes
Hormones
Free radicals
Proteins
- Answer
-
Free radicals
5. Upon exposure of human skin with leaves of poison ivy, the toxin found in this plant binds to membranes on skin cells to stimulate an immune response resulting in blistering rash. This toxin is known as:
Urushiol
Ricin
Tetrodotoxin
Pyrethrins
- Answer
-
Urushiol
6. Which of the following covalently binds to the acetaminophen metabolite N-Acetyl-P-Benzoquinone Imine (NAPQI) to detoxify it?
N-acetylcysteine
Superoxide dismutase
Catalase
Amylase
- Answer
-
N-acetylcysteine
7. Differences between Necrosis and Apoptosis include the following EXCEPT:
Necrosis is a degenerative process while Apoptosis is an active process
Necrosis triggers inflammatory response while Apoptosis does not incite inflammatory response
Necrosis results in loss of energy while Apoptosis does not result in loss of energy
Necrosis is an active process while Apoptosis is a degenerative process
- Answer
-
Necrosis is an active process while Apoptosis is a degenerative process
8. A regenerative response that results in an increase in cell size is termed ______.
Hypertrophy
Hypoplasia
Hyperplasia
Atrophy
- Answer
-
Hypertrophy
9. ______ helps to terminate lipid peroxidation when present in sufficient quantities.
Vitamin E
Hydroxyl radical
Vitamin A
Oxygen
- Answer
-
Vitamin E
10. An “adduct” is the product of an irreversible bond between the toxicant and target molecule; this type of binding is known as:
Noncovalent binding
Covalent binding
Hydrogen abstraction
Ionic binding
- Answer
-
Covalent binding
11. An example of decreasing the reactivity of a target site to a toxicant is describe as:
Binding of toxicant to target receptors
Downregulation of toxicant target receptors
Increased metabolism of alcohol within the stomach and liver
Stimulation of membrane receptors
- Answer
-
Downregulation of toxicant target receptors
12. 10% of acetaminophen bioactivated by Cytochrome P450 in the liver to a toxic metabolite is called:
Superoxide dismutase
N-acetylcysteine
N-acetyl-P-Benzoquinone Imine (NAPQ1)
Superoxide ion
- Answer
-
N-acetyl-P-Benzoquinone Imine (NAPQ1)