E6: Activity Coefficients at 25°C
- Page ID
- 44398
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)| Ion | Effective Radius \(R_x\) | Activity Coefficients at Ionic Strengths | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.001 | 0.005 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.1 | ||
| H3O+ | 900 pm | 0.967 | 0.933 | 0.914 | 0.86 | 0.83 |
| Li+ , C6H5COO‐ | 600 pm | 0.9 | 0.929 | 0.907 | 0.84 | 0.80 |
| Na+ , IO3 ‐ , HSO3 ‐ , HCO3 ‐ , H2PO4 ‐ , H2AsO4 ‐ , C2H3O2 ‐ 4 | 400‐450 pm | 0.964 | 0.928 | 0.902 | 0.82 | 0.78 |
| OH‐ , F ‐ , SCN‐ , HS‐ , ClO3 ‐ , BrO3 ‐ , IO4 ‐ , MnO4 ‐ | 350 pm | 0.964 | 0.926 | 0.900 | 0.81 | 0.76 |
| K+ , Cl‐ , Br‐ , I ‐ , CN‐ , NO2 ‐ , NO3 ‐ , HCOO‐ | 300 pm | 0.964 | 0.925 | 0.899 | 0.80 | 0.76 |
| Rb+ , Cs+ , Tl+ , Ag+ , NH4 + | 250 pm | 0.964 | 0.924 | 0.898 | 0.80 | 0.75 |
| Mg2+, Be2+ | 800 pm | 0.872 | 0.755 | 0.690 | 0.52 | 0.45 |
| Ca2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Sn2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Ni2+, Co2+ | 600 pm | 0.870 | 0.749 | 0.675 | 0.48 | 0.40 |
| phthalate2‐ | 600 pm | 0.870 | 0.749 | 0.675 | 0.48 | 0.40 |
| Sr2+, Ba2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, S 2‐ | 500 pm | 0.868 | 0.744 | 0.670 | 0.46 | 0.38 |
| Pb2+, CO3 2‐ , SO3 2‐ , C2O4 2 | 450 pm | 0.868 | 0.742 | 0.665 | 0.46 | 0.37 |
| Hg2 2+, SO4 2‐ , S2O3 2‐ , CrO4 2‐ , HPO4 2‐ | 400 pm | 0.867 | 0.740 | 0.660 | 0.44 | 0.36 |
| Al3+, Fe3+, Cr3+, La3+, Ce3+ | 900 pm | 0.738 | 0.540 | 0.440 | 0.24 | 0.18 |
| PO4 3‐ , [Fe(CN)6] 3‐ | 400 pm | 0.725 | 0.500 | 0.400 | 0.16 | 0.095 |
| Th4+, Zr4+, Ce4+, Sn4+ | 1100 pm | 0.588 | 0.350 | 0.255 | 0.10 | 0.065 |
| [Fe(CN)6] 4‐ | 500 pm | 0.570 | 0.310 | 0.200 | 0.048 | 0.021 |