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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Beginning_Chemistry_(Ball)/10%3A_Solids_and_Liquids/10.03%3A_Phase_Transitions_-_Melting_Boiling_and_SublimingPhase changes can occur between any two phases of matter. All phase changes occur with a simultaneous change in energy. All phase changes are isothermal.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Fullerton_College/Beginning_Chemistry_(Chan)/10%3A_Solids_and_Liquids/10.03%3A_Phase_Transitions_-_Melting_Boiling_and_SublimingPhase changes can occur between any two phases of matter. All phase changes occur with a simultaneous change in energy. All phase changes are isothermal.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Prince_Georges_Community_College/CHEM_2000%3A_Chemistry_for_Engineers_(Sinex)/Unit_3%3A_States_of_Matter/Chapter_7%3A_Fluids/Chapter_11.05%3A_Changes_of_StateThe direct conversion of a solid to a gas, without an intervening liquid phase, is called sublimationThe conversion of a solid directly to a gas (without an intervening liquid phase).. The amount of e...The direct conversion of a solid to a gas, without an intervening liquid phase, is called sublimationThe conversion of a solid directly to a gas (without an intervening liquid phase).. The amount of energy required to sublime 1 mol of a pure solid is the enthalpy of sublimation (ΔH sub )The enthalpy change that accompanies the conversion of a solid directly to a gas.. Common substances that sublime at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0°C, 1 atm) include CO 2 (dry ice); iodine (Figure 7.5…
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/13%3A_States_of_Matter/13.18%3A_Heating_and_Cooling_CurvesThis page discusses Mark Twain's pen name, reflecting on his background as a steamboat pilot. It explains water's state changes, detailing temperature stability during melting and boiling due to energ...This page discusses Mark Twain's pen name, reflecting on his background as a steamboat pilot. It explains water's state changes, detailing temperature stability during melting and boiling due to energy usage for phase transitions, illustrated by a heating curve.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/BridgeValley_Community_and_Technical_College/Consumer_Chemistry/05%3A_Solids_and_Liquids/5.02%3A_Phase_Transitions_-_Melting%2C_Boiling%2C_and_SublimingPhase changes can occur between any two phases of matter. All phase changes occur with a simultaneous change in energy. All phase changes are isothermal.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Madera_Community_College/MacArthur_Chemistry_3A_v_1.2/09%3A_Attractive_Forces/9.03%3A_Phase_TransitionsPhase changes can occur between any two phases of matter. All phase changes occur with a simultaneous change in energy. All phase changes are isothermal.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Physical_Chemistry_(Fleming)/08%3A_Phase_Equilibrium/8.02%3A_Single_Component_Phase_DiagramsPhase stability is determined by the chemical potential, where the most stable phase has the lowest chemical potential at certain conditions. Phase diagrams can represent this, with phase boundaries f...Phase stability is determined by the chemical potential, where the most stable phase has the lowest chemical potential at certain conditions. Phase diagrams can represent this, with phase boundaries found by observing cooling rates. During a phase change, temperature pauses until heat extraction completes, revealing boundary points. Similar data can be collected through controlled heating, such as scanning calorimetry, identifying phase change temperatures by temperature measurement pauses.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Physical_Chemistry_(Fleming)/05%3A_The_Second_Law/5.07%3A_The_Third_Law_of_ThermodynamicsThe page discusses the Third Law of Thermodynamics, emphasizing that a perfectly ordered crystal at 0 K has zero entropy. This is different from other thermodynamic functions like enthalpy, which requ...The page discusses the Third Law of Thermodynamics, emphasizing that a perfectly ordered crystal at 0 K has zero entropy. This is different from other thermodynamic functions like enthalpy, which requires an arbitrary reference point for zero. It introduces a formula to calculate absolute molar entropies using heat capacity and discusses the Debye Extrapolation method to estimate entropies and heat capacities near absolute zero K. An example with SiO??? is provided to demonstrate the calculation
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Wisconsin_Oshkosh/Chem_370%3A_Physical_Chemistry_1_-_Thermodynamics_(Gutow)/01%3A_Thermodynamics/1.05%3A_The_Second_Law_of_ThermodynamicsThe first law of thermodynamics describes the conservation of energy but does not tell us anything about the direction or spontaneity of a reaction. In this chapter we introduce the concept of entropy...The first law of thermodynamics describes the conservation of energy but does not tell us anything about the direction or spontaneity of a reaction. In this chapter we introduce the concept of entropy as derived by Rudolf Clausius and formulate the second law of thermodynamics. The second law of thermodynamics is of central importance in science and tells us the direction of spontaneous change for any process. We then calculate the change of entropy for a number of example cases.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Bellingham_Technical_College/CHEM_110%3A_Bellingham_Technical_College/04%3A_Module_4/4.11%3A_Phase_Transitions_-_Melting_Boiling_and_SublimingPhase changes can occur between any two phases of matter. All phase changes occur with a simultaneous change in energy. All phase changes are isothermal.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Physical_Chemistry_(Fleming)/08%3A_Phase_Equilibrium/8.04%3A_The_Clapeyron_EquationThe page discusses the thermodynamic criterion for equilibrium between two phases, using the Clapeyron equation to describe the relationship between pressure and temperature changes. It explains how t...The page discusses the thermodynamic criterion for equilibrium between two phases, using the Clapeyron equation to describe the relationship between pressure and temperature changes. It explains how the chemical potentials of phases must be equal in equilibrium and derives the Clapeyron equation, which relates the change in pressure to the change in temperature and the differences in molar volume and entropy.
