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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_California_Davis/Chem_124A%3A_Fundamentals_of_Inorganic_Chemistry/08%3A_Coordination_Chemistry/8.04%3A_Complex_Ion_Equilibria/8.4.03%3A_Complex_EquilibriumNote that [NH 3 ] refers to the concentration of the free ligand, not the total concentration of NH 3 . For a chemical engineering application, much more details must be revealed in order to understan...Note that [NH 3 ] refers to the concentration of the free ligand, not the total concentration of NH 3 . For a chemical engineering application, much more details must be revealed in order to understand the complexity of coordination equilibrium. The higher the number of ammonia is coordinated to the cupric ion, the deeper is the color blue. However, the theory and method are the same, and you may applied the discussion on silver ion to that of the cupric ion cases.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_2200%3A_General_Chemistry_II_(Mink)/15%3A_Equilibria_of_Other_Reaction_Classes/15.03%3A_Lewis_Acids_and_BasesA Lewis acid is a species that can accept an electron pair, whereas a Lewis base has an electron pair available for donation to a Lewis acid. Complex ions are examples of Lewis acid-base adducts. In a...A Lewis acid is a species that can accept an electron pair, whereas a Lewis base has an electron pair available for donation to a Lewis acid. Complex ions are examples of Lewis acid-base adducts. In a complex ion, we have a central atom, often consisting of a transition metal cation, which acts as a Lewis acid, and several neutral molecules or ions surrounding them called ligands that act as Lewis bases. Complex ions form by sharing electron pairs to form coordinate covalent bonds.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Sandboxes/khaas/Inorganic_Chemistry_II_(CHEM4210)/04%3A_d-Block_Metal_Chemistry/4.01%3A_Properties_of_Transition_Metals/4.1.05%3A_Introduction_to_Transition_Metals_IIThis page explains what a transition metal is in terms of its electronic structure, and then goes on to look at the general features of transition metal chemistry. These include variable oxidation sta...This page explains what a transition metal is in terms of its electronic structure, and then goes on to look at the general features of transition metal chemistry. These include variable oxidation state (oxidation number), complex ion formation, coloured ions, and catalytic activity.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Tennessee_State_University/CHEM_4210%3A_Inorganic_Chem_II_(Siddiquee)/04%3A_d-Block_Metal_Chemistry/4.01%3A_Properties_of_Transition_Metals/4.1.05%3A_Introduction_to_Transition_Metals_IIThis page explains what a transition metal is in terms of its electronic structure, and then goes on to look at the general features of transition metal chemistry. These include variable oxidation sta...This page explains what a transition metal is in terms of its electronic structure, and then goes on to look at the general features of transition metal chemistry. These include variable oxidation state (oxidation number), complex ion formation, coloured ions, and catalytic activity.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Earlham_College/CHEM_361%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Watson)/04%3A_d_Block_Chemistry/4.03%3A_Ligand_Exchange_Reactions_(Thermodynamics)/4.3.01%3A_Associative_Ligand_SubstitutionDifferent mechanisms of substitution may follow different rate laws, so plotting the dependence of reaction rate on concentration of the species involved in the reaction often allows us to distinguish...Different mechanisms of substitution may follow different rate laws, so plotting the dependence of reaction rate on concentration of the species involved in the reaction often allows us to distinguish mechanisms. The small amount of the incoming ligand actually used up in the reaction has a negligible effect on the concentration of the “sea” of starting ligand we began with.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Lafayette_College/CHEM_212_213%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Nataro)/06%3A_Bioinorganic_Chemistry/6.05%3A_Dissociative_Ligand_SubstitutionThis is called the steady state approximation, and it allows us to set up an equation that relates reaction rate to observable concentrations Hold onto that for a second; first, we can use step 2 to e...This is called the steady state approximation, and it allows us to set up an equation that relates reaction rate to observable concentrations Hold onto that for a second; first, we can use step 2 to establish a preliminary rate expression. We can express variation in the concentration of the unsaturated intermediate as (processes that make it) minus (processes that destroy it), multiplying by an arbitrary time length to make the units work out.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Los_Angeles_Trade_Technical_College/Analytical_Chemistry/2%3A_Analytical_Chemistry_2.0_(Harvey)/07%3A_Equilibrium_Chemistry/7.04%3A_Equilibrium_Constants_for_Chemical_ReactionsSeveral types of chemical reactions are important in analytical chemistry, either in preparing a sample for analysis or during the analysis. The most significant of these are: precipitation reactions,...Several types of chemical reactions are important in analytical chemistry, either in preparing a sample for analysis or during the analysis. The most significant of these are: precipitation reactions, acid–base reactions, complexation reactions, and oxidation–reduction (redox) reactions. In this section we review these reactions and their equilibrium constant expressions.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Brevard_College/CHE_310%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Biava)/06%3A_Transition_Metals_and_Coordination_Chemistry/6.03%3A_Coordination_Chemistry_of_Transition_MetalsThe transition elements and main group elements can form coordination compounds, or complexes, in which a central metal atom or ion is bonded to one or more ligands by coordinate covalent bonds. Ligan...The transition elements and main group elements can form coordination compounds, or complexes, in which a central metal atom or ion is bonded to one or more ligands by coordinate covalent bonds. Ligands with more than one donor atom are called polydentate ligands and form chelates. The common geometries found in complexes are tetrahedral and square planar (both with a coordination number of four) and octahedral (with a coordination number of six).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Chem1_(Lower)/09%3A_Chemical_Bonding_and_Molecular_Structure/9.09%3A_Bonding_in_Coordination_ComplexesCoordination complexes have been known and studied since the mid-nineteenth century. and their structures had been mostly worked out by 1900. Although the hybrid orbital model was able to explain how ...Coordination complexes have been known and studied since the mid-nineteenth century. and their structures had been mostly worked out by 1900. Although the hybrid orbital model was able to explain how neutral molecules such as water or ammonia could bond to a transition metal ion, it failed to explain many of the special properties of these complexes. Ligand field theory was developed that is able to organize and explain most of the observed properties of these compounds.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_Fullerton/Chem_325%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Cooley)/04%3A_Acids_Bases_and_Ions_in_Aqueous_Solution/4.09%3A_LigandsLigands are ions or neutral molecules that bond to a central metal atom or ion. Ligands act as Lewis bases (electron pair donors), and the central atom acts as a Lewis acid (electron pair acceptor). L...Ligands are ions or neutral molecules that bond to a central metal atom or ion. Ligands act as Lewis bases (electron pair donors), and the central atom acts as a Lewis acid (electron pair acceptor). Ligands have at least one donor atom with an electron pair used to form covalent bonds with the central atom. Ligands can be anions, cations, or neutral molecules.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Nassau_Community_College/General_Chemistry_II/04%3A_Equilibria_of_Other_Reaction_Classes/4.02%3A_Lewis_Acids_and_BasesA Lewis acid is a species that can accept an electron pair, whereas a Lewis base has an electron pair available for donation to a Lewis acid. Complex ions are examples of Lewis acid-base adducts. In a...A Lewis acid is a species that can accept an electron pair, whereas a Lewis base has an electron pair available for donation to a Lewis acid. Complex ions are examples of Lewis acid-base adducts. In a complex ion, we have a central atom, often consisting of a transition metal cation, which acts as a Lewis acid, and several neutral molecules or ions surrounding them called ligands that act as Lewis bases. Complex ions form by sharing electron pairs to form coordinate covalent bonds.
