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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Fullerton_College/Introductory_Biochemistry/14%3A_Carbohydrate_Metabolism/14.02%3A_Carbohydrate_Metabolism_Details/14.2.01%3A_Metabolism_-_SugarsThis reaction catalyzed by the lyase known as aldolase is energetically a “hump” to overcome in the glycolysis direction (∆G°’ = +24 kJ/mol) so to get over the energy hump, cells must increase the con...This reaction catalyzed by the lyase known as aldolase is energetically a “hump” to overcome in the glycolysis direction (∆G°’ = +24 kJ/mol) so to get over the energy hump, cells must increase the concentration the reactant (F1,6BP) and decrease the concentration of the products, which are glyceraldehyde- 3-phosphate (Ga-3P) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Basic_Principles_of_Organic_Chemistry_(Roberts_and_Caserio)/20%3A_Carbohydrates/20.11%3A_The_Generation_of_Energy_from_Carbohydrate_MetabolismThis section is concerned mainly with the pathway by which glucose is metabolized by the process known as glycolysis. Initially, the storage fuels or foodstuffs (fats, carbohydrates, and proteins) are...This section is concerned mainly with the pathway by which glucose is metabolized by the process known as glycolysis. Initially, the storage fuels or foodstuffs (fats, carbohydrates, and proteins) are hydrolyzed into smaller components (fatty acids and glycerol, glucose and other simple sugars, and amino acids). In the next stage, these simple fuels are degraded further to two-carbon fragments.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biological_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Biological_Chemistry)/Metabolism/Anabolism/Pentose_Phosphate_PathwayThe pentose phosphate pathway is the major source for the NADPH required for anabolic processes. There are three distinct phases each of which has a distinct outcome. Depending on the needs of the org...The pentose phosphate pathway is the major source for the NADPH required for anabolic processes. There are three distinct phases each of which has a distinct outcome. Depending on the needs of the organism the metabolites of that outcome can be fed into many other pathways. Gluconeogenesis is directly connected to the pentose phosphate pathway. As the need for glucose-6-phosphate (the beginning metabolite in the pentose phosphate pathway) increases so does the activity of gluconeogenesis.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Arkansas_Little_Rock/Chem_4320/Chem_4320%2F%2F5320%3A_Biochemistry_1/10%3A_The_Generation_of_Energy_from_Carbohydrate_MetabolismThis section is concerned mainly with the pathway by which glucose is metabolized by the process known as glycolysis. Initially, the storage fuels or foodstuffs (fats, carbohydrates, and proteins) are...This section is concerned mainly with the pathway by which glucose is metabolized by the process known as glycolysis. Initially, the storage fuels or foodstuffs (fats, carbohydrates, and proteins) are hydrolyzed into smaller components (fatty acids and glycerol, glucose and other simple sugars, and amino acids). In the next stage, these simple fuels are degraded further to two-carbon fragments.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Arkansas_Little_Rock/CHEM_4320_5320%3A_Biochemistry_1/9%3A_Glycolysis_and_GluconeogenesisThis section is concerned mainly with the pathway by which glucose is metabolized by the process known as glycolysis. Initially, the storage fuels or foodstuffs (fats, carbohydrates, and proteins) are...This section is concerned mainly with the pathway by which glucose is metabolized by the process known as glycolysis. Initially, the storage fuels or foodstuffs (fats, carbohydrates, and proteins) are hydrolyzed into smaller components (fatty acids and glycerol, glucose and other simple sugars, and amino acids). In the next stage, these simple fuels are degraded further to two-carbon fragments.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(OpenStax)/29%3A_The_Organic_Chemistry_of_Metabolic_Pathways/29.08%3A_Carbohydrate_Biosynthesis-_GluconeogenesisGlucose is the body’s primary fuel when food is plentiful, but in times of fasting or prolonged exercise, glucose stores can become depleted. Most tissues then begin metabolizing fats as their source ...Glucose is the body’s primary fuel when food is plentiful, but in times of fasting or prolonged exercise, glucose stores can become depleted. Most tissues then begin metabolizing fats as their source of acetyl CoA, but the brain is different. The brain relies almost entirely on glucose for fuel and is dependent on receiving a continuous supply in the blood. When the supply of glucose fails, even for a brief time, irreversible damage can occur. Thus, a pathway for synthesizing glucose from simple
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/Pick_Your_Poison%3A_Introduction_to_Materials_Toxicology/30%3A_Energy_Maintenance_and_Environmental_Exchange/30.03%3A_Metabolism_and_Nutrition/30.3.03%3A_Carbohydrate_MetabolismCarbohydrates are organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. The family of carbohydrates includes both simple and complex sugars. Glucose and fructose are examples of simple sug...Carbohydrates are organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. The family of carbohydrates includes both simple and complex sugars. Glucose and fructose are examples of simple sugars, and starch, glycogen, and cellulose are all examples of complex sugars. The complex sugars are also called polysaccharides and are made of multiple monosaccharide molecules. Polysaccharides serve as energy storage and as structural components.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/Pick_Your_Poison%3A_Introduction_to_Materials_Toxicology/27%3A_The_Organic_Chemistry_of_Metabolic_Pathways/27.09%3A_Carbohydrate_Biosynthesis-_GluconeogenesisGlucose is the body’s primary fuel when food is plentiful, but in times of fasting or prolonged exercise, glucose stores can become depleted. Most tissues then begin metabolizing fats as their source ...Glucose is the body’s primary fuel when food is plentiful, but in times of fasting or prolonged exercise, glucose stores can become depleted. Most tissues then begin metabolizing fats as their source of acetyl CoA, but the brain is different. The brain relies almost entirely on glucose for fuel and is dependent on receiving a continuous supply in the blood. When the supply of glucose fails, even for a brief time, irreversible damage can occur. Thus, a pathway for synthesizing glucose from simple
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/American_River_College/CHEM_309%3A_Applied_Chemistry_for_the_Health_Sciences/07%3A_Carbohydrates_-_An_Introduction/7.09%3A_GluconeogenesisGluconeogenesis is an anabolic pathway that synthesizes glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as lactate, amino acids, oxaloacetate, glycerol and pyruvate. This pathway is generally only active d...Gluconeogenesis is an anabolic pathway that synthesizes glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as lactate, amino acids, oxaloacetate, glycerol and pyruvate. This pathway is generally only active during periods of intense exercise or starvation.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biological_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Biological_Chemistry)/Metabolism/Anabolism/GluconeogenesisGluconeogenesis is much like glycolysis only the process occurs in reverse. Gluconeogenesis is the metabolic process by which organisms produce sugars (namely glucose) for catabolic reactions from non...Gluconeogenesis is much like glycolysis only the process occurs in reverse. Gluconeogenesis is the metabolic process by which organisms produce sugars (namely glucose) for catabolic reactions from non-carbohydrate precursors. Glucose is the only energy source used by the brain (with the exception of ketone bodies during times of fasting), testes, erythrocytes, and kidney medulla. In mammals this process occurs in the liver and kidneys.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Fullerton_College/Introductory_Biochemistry/14%3A_Carbohydrate_Metabolism/14.01%3A_Energy_Metabolism/14.1.07%3A_GluconeogenesisThe anabolic counterpart to glycolysis is gluconeogenesis, which occurs mostly in the cells of the liver and kidney. In seven of the eleven reactions of gluconeogenesis (starting from pyruvate), the s...The anabolic counterpart to glycolysis is gluconeogenesis, which occurs mostly in the cells of the liver and kidney. In seven of the eleven reactions of gluconeogenesis (starting from pyruvate), the same enzymes are used as in glycolysis, but the reaction directions are reversed. Notably, the ΔG values of these reactions in the cell are typically near zero, meaning their direction can be readily controlled by changing substrate and product concentrations.
