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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/GalwayMayo_Institute_of_Technology/Spectroscopy%3A_Background_Information_on_Electronic_Structure_of_Atoms_and_Molecules/02%3A_Chapter_2_-_Basics_of_Chemical_Bonding/2.01%3A_Basic_Concepts_of_Chemical_Bonding/2.1.07%3A_Exceptions_to_the_Octet_RuleFollowing the Octet Rule for Lewis Dot Structures leads to the most accurate depictions of stable molecular and atomic structures and because of this we always want to use the octet rule when drawing ...Following the Octet Rule for Lewis Dot Structures leads to the most accurate depictions of stable molecular and atomic structures and because of this we always want to use the octet rule when drawing Lewis Dot Structures. There are three exceptions: (1) When there are an odd number of valence electrons, (2) When there are too few valence electrons, and (3) when there are too many valence electrons
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_2100%3A_General_Chemistry_I_(Mink)/07%3A_Chemical_Bonding_and_Molecular_Geometry/7.05%3A_Formal_Charges_and_ResonanceIn a Lewis structure, formal charges can be assigned to each atom by treating each bond as if one-half of the electrons are assigned to each atom. These hypothetical formal charges are a guide to dete...In a Lewis structure, formal charges can be assigned to each atom by treating each bond as if one-half of the electrons are assigned to each atom. These hypothetical formal charges are a guide to determining the most appropriate Lewis structure. A structure in which the formal charges are as close to zero as possible is preferred. Resonance occurs in cases where two or more Lewis structures with identical arrangements of atoms but different distributions of electrons can be written.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Westfield_State_University/Chem0103_Chemistry_of_the_Life_Sciences_(Theis)/01%3A_Atoms_and_compounds/1.06%3A_Extras/1.6.04%3A_Basic_Concepts_of_Chemical_Bonding_(GenChem_Brown)/1.5.4.07%3A_Exceptions_to_the_Octet_RuleFollowing the Octet Rule for Lewis Dot Structures leads to the most accurate depictions of stable molecular and atomic structures and because of this we always want to use the octet rule when drawing ...Following the Octet Rule for Lewis Dot Structures leads to the most accurate depictions of stable molecular and atomic structures and because of this we always want to use the octet rule when drawing Lewis Dot Structures. There are three exceptions: (1) When there are an odd number of valence electrons, (2) When there are too few valence electrons, and (3) when there are too many valence electrons
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Lansing_Community_College/LCC%3A_Chem_151_-_General_Chemistry_I/Text/09%3A_Basic_Concepts_of_Chemical_Bonding/9.06%3A_Resonance_StructuresSome molecules have two or more chemically equivalent Lewis electron structures, called resonance structures. Resonance is a mental exercise and method within the Valence Bond Theory of bonding that d...Some molecules have two or more chemically equivalent Lewis electron structures, called resonance structures. Resonance is a mental exercise and method within the Valence Bond Theory of bonding that describes the delocalization of electrons within molecules. These structures are written with a double-headed arrow between them, indicating that none of the Lewis structures accurately describes the bonding but that the actual structure is an average of the individual resonance structures.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/OpenStax_Chemistry_Remixed%3A_Clovis_Community_College/08%3A_Chemical_Bonding_and_Molecular_Geometry/8.05%3A_Formal_Charges_and_ResonanceIn a Lewis structure, formal charges can be assigned to each atom by treating each bond as if one-half of the electrons are assigned to each atom. These hypothetical formal charges are a guide to dete...In a Lewis structure, formal charges can be assigned to each atom by treating each bond as if one-half of the electrons are assigned to each atom. These hypothetical formal charges are a guide to determining the most appropriate Lewis structure. A structure in which the formal charges are as close to zero as possible is preferred. Resonance occurs in cases where two or more Lewis structures with identical arrangements of atoms but different distributions of electrons can be written.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Brevard_College/CHE_310%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Biava)/04%3A_Chemical_Bonding_and_Molecular_Geometry/4.05%3A_Formal_Charges_and_ResonanceIn a Lewis structure, formal charges can be assigned to each atom by treating each bond as if one-half of the electrons are assigned to each atom. These hypothetical formal charges are a guide to dete...In a Lewis structure, formal charges can be assigned to each atom by treating each bond as if one-half of the electrons are assigned to each atom. These hypothetical formal charges are a guide to determining the most appropriate Lewis structure. A structure in which the formal charges are as close to zero as possible is preferred. Resonance occurs in cases where two or more Lewis structures with identical arrangements of atoms but different distributions of electrons can be written.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Under_Construction/Purgatory/AUCHE_230_-_Structure_and_Bonding/01%3A_Review/1.04%3A_Formal_Charges_and_ResonanceIn a Lewis structure, formal charges can be assigned to each atom by treating each bond as if one-half of the electrons are assigned to each atom. These hypothetical formal charges are a guide to dete...In a Lewis structure, formal charges can be assigned to each atom by treating each bond as if one-half of the electrons are assigned to each atom. These hypothetical formal charges are a guide to determining the most appropriate Lewis structure. A structure in which the formal charges are as close to zero as possible is preferred. Resonance occurs in cases where two or more Lewis structures with identical arrangements of atoms but different distributions of electrons can be written.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Williams_School/Chemistry_I/06%3A_Chemical_Bonding_and_Molecular_Geometry/6.05%3A_Formal_Charges_and_ResonanceIn a Lewis structure, formal charges can be assigned to each atom by treating each bond as if one-half of the electrons are assigned to each atom. These hypothetical formal charges are a guide to dete...In a Lewis structure, formal charges can be assigned to each atom by treating each bond as if one-half of the electrons are assigned to each atom. These hypothetical formal charges are a guide to determining the most appropriate Lewis structure. A structure in which the formal charges are as close to zero as possible is preferred. Resonance occurs in cases where two or more Lewis structures with identical arrangements of atoms but different distributions of electrons can be written.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Franklin_and_Marshall_College/Plass's_General_Chemistry_1%3A_Atoms_Compounds_and_Bulk_substances/10%3A_Resonance._So_1_bond_is_2_electrons_right_Right/10.02%3A_ResonanceResonance structures are used when a single Lewis structure cannot fully describe the bonding; the combination of possible resonance structures is defined as a resonance hybrid, which represents the o...Resonance structures are used when a single Lewis structure cannot fully describe the bonding; the combination of possible resonance structures is defined as a resonance hybrid, which represents the overall delocalization of electrons within the molecule. In general, molecules with multiple resonance structures will be more stable than one with fewer and some resonance structures contribute more to the stability of the molecule than others - formal charges aid in determining this.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Portland_Community_College/CH104%3A_Allied_Health_Chemisty_I_(2nd_Edition)/07%3A_Molecules_Covalent_Bonding_and_the_Nomenclature_of_Binary_Covalent_Compounds/7.06%3A_ResonanceResonance structures are used when a single Lewis structure cannot fully describe the bonding; the combination of possible resonance structures is defined as a resonance hybrid, which represents the o...Resonance structures are used when a single Lewis structure cannot fully describe the bonding; the combination of possible resonance structures is defined as a resonance hybrid, which represents the overall delocalization of electrons within the molecule. In general, molecules with multiple resonance structures will be more stable than one with fewer.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Northern_Michigan_University/CH_215%3A_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_Fall_2023/04%3A_Reactivity-_Redox_Chemistry/4.04%3A_Oxidation_Numbers_and_Formal_ChargeThe Formal Charge is used to help keep track of electrons in their bonding configurations. It is the charge an atom in a molecule or polyatomic ion would have if all of the bonding electrons were divi...The Formal Charge is used to help keep track of electrons in their bonding configurations. It is the charge an atom in a molecule or polyatomic ion would have if all of the bonding electrons were divided equally between atoms in the bond. In contrast, Oxidation numbers are mainly used by chemists to identify and handle a type of chemical reaction called a redox reaction, or an oxidation-reduction reaction.
