Normality measures concentration based on the equivalents of a chemical species reacting stoichiometrically with another species. The number of equivalents is determined by a reaction unit, specific t...Normality measures concentration based on the equivalents of a chemical species reacting stoichiometrically with another species. The number of equivalents is determined by a reaction unit, specific to the type of reaction: charge for precipitation, protons for acid-base, electron pairs for complexation, and electrons for redox reactions. Normality (N) is linked to molarity (M) through the formula N=n×M, where n represents the number of equivalents.
