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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/20%3A_Entropy_and_Free_Energy/20.04%3A_Free_EnergyThis page discusses the steam engine's significance in modern railroads and introduces free energy (G) in chemical reactions. It explains how free energy is influenced by enthalpy and entropy, det...This page discusses the steam engine's significance in modern railroads and introduces free energy (G) in chemical reactions. It explains how free energy is influenced by enthalpy and entropy, detailing the Gibbs free energy equation that evaluates reaction spontaneity.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Analytical_Chemistry_2.1_(Harvey)/10%3A_Spectroscopic_Methods/10.05%3A_Emission_SpectroscopyThis page discusses the concept of an analyte in an excited state and the processes of relaxation to its lower energy state. It elaborates on how excess energy is released in various ways, including a...This page discusses the concept of an analyte in an excited state and the processes of relaxation to its lower energy state. It elaborates on how excess energy is released in various ways, including as heat through vibrational relaxation, through photochemical reactions, or as a photon via electromagnetic radiation.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/06%3A_The_Periodic_Table/6.19%3A_Periodic_Trends_-_Electron_AffinityThis page explains electron affinity as the energy released when an atom gains an electron, typically measured in negative values in the gaseous state. It describes trends where electron affinities be...This page explains electron affinity as the energy released when an atom gains an electron, typically measured in negative values in the gaseous state. It describes trends where electron affinities become more negative across a period and less negative down a group, highlighting halogens as having the highest affinities due to their stable electron configurations. The text also acknowledges some exceptions to these trends.